Changes in saliva testosterone after psychological stimulation in men

Hellhammer, Dirk H.; Hubert, Walter; Schürmeyer, T. H.

doi:10.1016/0306-4530(85)90041-1

Cited by 121 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There is a positive feedback, as testosterone is released by sexual stimulation. [19][20][21][22] The enhanced ability of patients to perform sexual intercourse stimulates sexual wellness. Sexual wellness, in turn, overcomes depression, which is often associated with ED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

2007

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In a randomly allocated, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 50 patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED) were treated for 1 month with placebo or a combination of Larginine aspartate and Pycnogenol (Prelox). Patients reported sexual function from diaries. Testosterone levels and endothelial NO synthase (e-NOS) were monitored along with routine clinical chemistry. Intake of Pycnogenol for 1 month restored erectile function to normal. Intercourse frequency doubled. e-NOS in spermatozoa and testosterone levels in blood increased significantly. Cholesterol levels and blood pressure were lowered. No unwanted effects were reported. Prelox is a promising alternative to treat mild to moderate ED.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

2007

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“…Depending on the starting time of the session, the first saliva sample (T1) was taken at approximately 16.10 or 18.10 h and the second saliva sample (T2) was taken at approximately 16.55 or 18.55 h, respectively. The T2 samples were taken 10 min after completing the competitive task as psychological stimulation needs some time to affect T levels [25]. There was no effect of starting time of the session on T1, T2 or the change in T levels (T2-T1; t-tests, all p !…”

Section: (D) Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Men with elevated testosterone levels show more affiliative behaviours during interactions with women

et al. 2011

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Testosterone (T) is thought to play a key role in male -male competition and courtship in many vertebrates, but its precise effects are unclear. We explored whether courtship behaviour in humans is modulated and preceded by changes in T. Pairs of healthy male students first competed in a non-physical contest in which their T levels became elevated. Each participant then had a short, informal interaction with either an unfamiliar man or woman. The sex of the stimulus person did not affect the participants' behaviour overall. However, in interactions with women, those men who had experienced a greater T increase during the contest subsequently showed more interest in the woman, engaged in more selfpresentation, smiled more and made more eye contact. No such effects were seen in interactions with other men. This is the first study to provide direct evidence that elevating T during male -male competition is followed by increased affiliative behaviour towards women.

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“…A study by Hellhammer, Hubert & Schurmeyer (1985) illustrates that socially mediated hormonal responses can be transient in nature : they measured the salivary testosterone levels of 20 young men before, during and after presentation of five different films containing erotic, sexual, stressful, aggressive, and neutral material. Testosterone levels had increased 15 min after the beginning of the erotic and the sexual films and they had decreased at the same time during the stressful film, but showed no changes during the neutral or aggressive films.…”

Section: Limitations Of Correlational Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of testosterone on human aggression

Archer

1991

British J of Psychology

479

209

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Animal studies show clear evidence for a causal link between testosterone and aggression. This review assesses studies involving androgens, principally testosterone, and human aggression. Evidence for a possible effect of prenatal androgens is inconclusive. In adults, higher testosterone levels are found in groups selected for high levels of aggressiveness. Correlations between testosterone and aggression were low when hostility inventories were used, but higher (r = .38) when aggressiveness was rated by others. Regression analysis data and studies of boys at puberty were inconclusive. Other studies show that the outcome of aggressive and competitive encounters can alter testosterone levels, thus confounding interpretation of the correlational evidence. The design of future studies to reveal evidence of a causal link is considered. Suggestions concerning two important methodological problems, the experimental manipulation of hormone levels and the nature of the dependent variable, are made.Studies of a wide variety of vertebrate species have indicated that androgens, principally testosterone, facilitate aggressiveness between males, thus providing a mechanism for the increase in male competitive aggression at a time when the animals are reproductively active (Archer, 1988). This ethological evidence raises the question of whether testosterone also facilitates aggression in human males. Some reviews of the human evidence have concluded that it does (Donovan, 1985; Rubin, Reinisch.8~ Haskett, 1981) whereas others have urged caution in drawing this conclusion (Benton, 1983;Carlson, 1986;Rada, Kellner & Winslow, 1976).The purpose of the present paper is to provide a systematic review of current evidence on this issue, to include a limited meta-analysis where possible, and to highlight methodological issues raised by existing studies. The review begins with a brief survey of animal studies to provide a background for the human evidence. The possible involvement of neonatal androgens is then considered briefly, before examining the following types of evidence from adults : comparisons of testosterone levels in selected groups which show high and low levels of aggressiveness; correlations in both selected samples and unselected samples ; and regression analyses. Studies carried out on boys at puberty -when testosterone levels rise dramatically -are then considered. The limitations of correlational evidence are discussed, particularly in relation to the influence of the social environment on testosterone levels. Existing attempts to provide causal analyses are described, before considering how best to design future studies to reveal more clearly whether testosterone facilitates human aggression.

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Changes in saliva testosterone after psychological stimulation in men

Cited by 121 publications

References 6 publications

Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Men with elevated testosterone levels show more affiliative behaviours during interactions with women

The influence of testosterone on human aggression

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