Changes in Salivary Biochemistry Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Positivity in Patients with Chronic Gastritis

Abstract

Introduction: The invasive endoscopic-biopsy approach is the one that is used the vast majority of the time for diagnosing and monitoring chronic gastritis. Finding non-invasive laboratory indicators would be beneficial for the patient in terms of both cost and convenience. It is becoming more and more well-known that saliva, in addition to its vital protective role for the digestive system, may also be employed as an efficient non-invasive diagnostic material. Aim: To detect and define biochemical characteristics in the saliva of chronic gastritis patients (both HP+ and HP-) and compare these values to those observed in healthy people, and search for correlations between the levels of these biochemical in the serum and in the saliva in order to ultimately use these biochemical as a diagnostic tool. Method: The design of this study was a cross sectional study design and this study was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Subjective symptoms, serological data, and endoscopic findings were used to identify the disease activity in a total of 60 patients with chronic gastritis (44HP+ and 16HP-) from this research. The average age of the patients was anything from 58.73 to 12.08. The average age of the control group participants was 56.868.67, and they were all in excellent health and not smokers. Analyses made use of unstimulated saliva and serum. Stool samples are tested for albumin, total protein, uric acid, and secretory immunoglobulin A. (sIg A). To evaluate their efficacy, we employ a biochemical analyzer (Olympus AU 640) and an ELISA reader (an adaptation of the processes for oral fluid). Results: Compared to the control group, HP+ patients had considerably greater sIgA and TP levels. However, UA did not show a comparable trend. We found that only UA had a correlation with both saliva and serum levels. It was shown that there was an inverse relationship between UA and endoscopic markers of inflammation. As a defense mechanism against the oxidative stress, salivary flow rate abnormalities, and inflammation that had occurred in the stomach, these alterations are being hypothesized. Practical implication: The significance of this study is to see whether specific biochemical parameters may be utilised as a diagnostic tool in the future by comparing the levels in the blood and those detected in the saliva of those patients having chronic gastritis (both HP+ and HP-) Conclusion: In patients with HP+ chronic gastritis, the findings show that there are considerable changes in the characteristics of their saliva. Saliva is a biological substance that has certain limitations, but it is an excellent indicator of the pathological processes occurring in the digestive system, particularly in the case of HP+ infection. Keywords: Uric Acid, Total Protein, Saliva, Sig A, And HP+ Chronic Gastritis Albumin