Changes in serum hypoxanthine levels by exercise in obese subjects

Saiki, Syuko; Sato, Tokutaro; Kohzuki, Masahiro; Kamimoto, Masahiro; Yosida, Toshiko

doi:10.1053/meta.2001.24197

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Four recent reports of exercise-induced oxidative stress in obese individuals suggest increased susceptibility to oxidant damage following exercise. 31,[32][33][34] Oxidative biomarkers were elevated in proportion to exercise intensity. The intensity of the exercise was directly related to the degree of peroxidative damage.…”

Section: Obesity and Evidence Of Oxidant Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, vigorous or maximal exercise induced high levels of peroxidative damage, while moderate to low intensity exercise caused lower levels of damage. 35 Saiki et al 31 reported that following acute treadmill exercise, obese persons had greater elevations in serum hypoxanthine (a metabolite formed during vigorous exercise that may be involved in superoxide formation) than nonobese counterparts. While there was no direct oxidative biomarker in this study, the evidence suggests that obese persons had greater oxidative metabolic stress than nonobese persons.…”

Section: Obesity and Evidence Of Oxidant Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 Increased metabolic ROS production Increased muscle activity can activate metabolic pathways that form free radicals, including increased electron transport chain activity and conversion of hypoxanthine to urate. 31 Active skeletal muscle may elicit a 100-fold increase 32 In addition, obese persons are less mechanically efficient during exercise, and inefficiency contributes to increased energy expenditure for a given exercise load. 34 Acceleration of mitochondrial respiration for energy production is associated with increased lipid hydroperoxide production in the obese.…”

Section: Kàmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Increased concentrations of hypoxanthine during exercise have been documented in obese humans. 31 When hypoxanthine is converted to urate, O 2 KÀ is formed. Saiki et al…”

Section: Kàmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans

2005

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Objective: Oxidative stress may be the unifying mechanism underlying the development of comorbidities in obesity. Evidence suggests that a clustering of sources of oxidative stress exists in obesity: hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, increased tissue lipid levels, inadequate antioxidant defenses, increased rates of free radical formation, enzymatic sources within the endothelium, and chronic inflammation. Method: This review provides a summary of the available evidence on systemic oxidative stress in humans and specific metabolic pathways by which obesity may elevate systemic oxidant stress. The authors suggest possible methods of reducing oxidative stress such as antioxidant supplementation, caloric restriction and/or physical activity and surgical intervention to combat free radicals and reduce adipose tissue. Results: Obesity is associated with oxidative stress and can be reduced with weight loss (regardless of exercise or surgery induced weight loss), caloric restriction or antioxidant rich diets. Conclusion: Oxidative stress levels are elevated in human obesity, and these levels are modifiable with various lifestyle modifications and surgical interventions.

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Section: Obesity and Evidence Of Oxidant Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesity and Evidence Of Oxidant Stress In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kàmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Increased concentrations of hypoxanthine during exercise have been documented in obese humans. 31 When hypoxanthine is converted to urate, O 2 KÀ is formed. Saiki et al…”

Section: Kàmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans

2005

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“…In obesity, increased muscle activity can generate excessive free radicals through the activation of metabolic pathways, including increased electron transport chain activity and conversion of hypoxanthine to urate. 71 In addition, rapid electron transfer during increased respiration may cause some electrons to leak from the electron transport chain. 72 For this reason, among obese individuals, the rate of cellular respiration and oxygen consumption may be exacerbated in muscle tissue during physical activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies

Manna

Jain

2015

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

855

541

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Obesity is gaining acceptance as a serious primary health burden that impairs the quality of life because of its associated complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, asthma, sleep disorders, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and infertility. It is a complex metabolic disorder with a multifactorial origin. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role as the critical factor linking obesity with its associated complications. Obesity per se can induce systemic oxidative stress through various biochemical mechanisms, such as superoxide generation from NADPH oxidases, oxidative phosphorylation, glyceraldehyde auto-oxidation, protein kinase C activation, and polyol and hexosamine pathways. Other factors that also contribute to oxidative stress in obesity include hyperleptinemia, low antioxidant defense, chronic inflammation, and postprandial reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, recent studies suggest that adipose tissue plays a critical role in regulating the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity and its related co-morbidities. To establish an adequate platform for the prevention of obesity and its associated health risks, understanding the factors that contribute to the cause of obesity is necessary. The most current list of obesity determinants includes genetic factors, dietary intake, physical activity, environmental and socioeconomic factors, eating disorders, and societal influences. On the basis of the currently identified predominant determinants of obesity, a broad range of strategies have been recommended to reduce the prevalence of obesity, such as regular physical activity, ad libitum food intake limiting to certain micronutrients, increased dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, and meal replacements. This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated risk factors, the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue in development of these risk factors, and potential strategies to regulate body weight loss/gain for better health benefits.

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Multiplexed separations for biomarker discovery in metabolomics: Elucidating adaptive responses to exercise training

et al. 2015

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High efficiency separations are needed to enhance selectivity, mass spectral quality, and quantitative performance in metabolomic studies. However, low sample throughput and complicated data preprocessing remain major bottlenecks to biomarker discovery. We introduce an accelerated data workflow to identify plasma metabolite signatures of exercise responsiveness when using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). This multiplexed separation platform takes advantage of customizable serial injections to enhance sample throughput and data fidelity based on temporally resolved ion signals derived from seven different sample segments analyzed within a single run. MSI-CE-MS was applied to explore the adaptive metabolic responses of a cohort of overweight/obese women (BMI > 25, n = 9) performing a 6-wk high-intensity interval training intervention using a repeated measures/cross-over study design. Venous blood samples were collected from each subject at three time intervals (baseline, postexercise, recovery) in their naïve and trained states while completing standardized cycling trials at the same absolute workload. Complementary statistical methods were used to classify dynamic changes in plasma metabolism associated with strenuous exercise and training status. Positive adaptations to exercise were associated with training-induced upregulation in plasma l-carnitine at rest due to improved muscle oxidative capacity, and greater antioxidant capacity as reflected by lower circulating glutathionyl-l-cysteine mixed disulfide. Attenuation in plasma hypoxanthine and higher O-acetyl-l-carnitine levels postexercise also indicated lower energetic stress for trained women.

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Changes in serum hypoxanthine levels by exercise in obese subjects

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans

Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans

Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies

Multiplexed separations for biomarker discovery in metabolomics: Elucidating adaptive responses to exercise training

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