Changes in serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: association with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and severity of disease

Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh; Najafipour, Hamid; Yazdani, Rostam; Nakhaei, Samira; Langari, Ahmad Alinaghi

doi:10.1186/s40001-022-00852-3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, our findings document a significant negative correlation between serum levels of NO with abdominal obesity and BMI. In line to our results, the study by Rostamzadeh F et al 14 . revealed significant lower levels of NO in obese groups with COVID 19.…”

Section: Body Mass Indexsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum levels of Nitric Oxide metabolites in relation to Body Mass Index and Arterial stiffness in young individuals

GANJI,

TARANIKANTI,

KARRE

et al. 2023

MRAJ

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Introduction: Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder defined as abnormally high levels of body fat accumulation. It is a major emerging pandemic of this century which can be attributed to alterations in eating habits, lifestyle choices and rise in sedentary behaviour. The activation of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways linked to obesity can result in vascular endothelial dysfunction and changed levels of Nitric oxide (NO). Hyperlipidaemia may exacerbate arterial stiffness which is a precursor to atherosclerosis. In this study, we tried to evaluate the changes in levels of nitric oxide in obese individuals and its association with arterial stiffness. Objectives: To identify the association of serum levels of Nitric oxide metabolites with Body Mass Index (BMI) in apparently healthy subjects. To evaluate any correlation between serum nitric oxide metabolites, BMI and arterial stiffness in obese individuals. Result: The results showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and no change in diastolic blood pressure and significant increase in pulse pressure(p<0.001) with increase in visceral adiposity (Waist Circumference) more than BMI. Results of Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant small negative relationship between BMI and Serum NO levels, (r =- 0.534, p <.001). There was significant increase in Brachial ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (Ba PWV) (p=0.001) and Carotid Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CF PWV) (p=0.01) in obese subjects when compared to controls. Conclusion: Our study results showed that abdominal obesity more than overall obesity is more strongly associated with decreased serum NO levels and increased arterial stiffness. In obese individuals, increased arterial stiffness as reflected by increased pulse wave velocity may contribute to predicting cardiovascular disease in both genders in addition to development of hypertension.

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Section: Body Mass Indexsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum levels of Nitric Oxide metabolites in relation to Body Mass Index and Arterial stiffness in young individuals

GANJI,

TARANIKANTI,

KARRE

et al. 2023

MRAJ

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“…COVID-19 infections lowered serum apelin concentrations in type 2 diabetes and hypertension. On the other hand, higher serum apelin levels correlated with an improved arterial oxygen saturation and less severe lung involvement [166], but not survival [79]. Although these studies may point at a diagnostic value to correlate serum apelin levels with infection and disease, the relevant cohorts consisted of 69 and 78 COVID-19 patients [79,166], respectively, and future research with larger cohorts will be needed to substantiate these findings.…”

Section: Apelinmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19

Grewal

Buechler

2023

Biomedicines

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Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised immune function. This seems to impact the susceptibility and outcome of diseases caused by viruses, as obese people appear more vulnerable to developing infections and they recover later from infectious diseases than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, increased efforts to identify suitable diagnostic and prognostic markers in obese Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict disease outcomes have been made. This includes the analysis of cytokines secreted from adipose tissues (adipokines), which have multiple regulatory functions in the body; for instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Most relevant in the context of viral infections, adipokines also influence the immune cell number, with consequences for overall immune cell activity and function. Hence, the analysis of the circulating levels of diverse adipokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been considered to reveal diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 markers. This review article summarizes the findings aimed to correlate the circulating levels of adipokines with progression and disease outcomes of COVID-19. Several studies provided insights on chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and galectin-3 levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information is yet available on the adipokines apelin and visfatin in COVID-19. Altogether, current evidence points at circulating galectin-3 and resistin levels being of diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19 disease.

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“…Cytokines decrease the availability of endogenous NO, prostaglandin and its analogs, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and damage 44 . In addition, increased production of proinflammatory markers and prothrombotic factors increases the risk of serious chronic complications not only in the respiratory tract, but also in vascular and nervous systems 37 , 45 . In the present study, NO levels were higher in COVID-19 patients than in the control group and convalescents, and they tended to increase with the severity of disease symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of nitrosative stress and glycoxidation products in the diagnosis of COVID-19

Wolszczak-Biedrzycka,

Dorf,

Matowicka-Karna

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Nitrosative stress promotes protein glycoxidation, and both processes can occur during an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess selected nitrosative stress parameters and protein glycoxidation products in COVID-19 patients and convalescents relative to healthy subjects, including in reference to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. The diagnostic utility of nitrosative stress and protein glycoxidation biomarkers was also evaluated in COVID-19 patients. The study involved 218 patients with COVID-19, 69 convalescents, and 48 healthy subjects. Nitrosative stress parameters (NO, S-nitrosothiols, nitrotyrosine) and protein glycoxidation products (tryptophan, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, dityrosine, AGEs) were measured in the blood plasma or serum with the use of colorimetric/fluorometric methods. The levels of NO (p = 0.0480), S-nitrosothiols (p = 0.0004), nitrotyrosine (p = 0.0175), kynurenine (p < 0.0001), N-formylkynurenine (p < 0.0001), dityrosine (p < 0.0001), and AGEs (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, whereas tryptophan fluorescence was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in COVID-19 patients than in the control group. Significant differences in the analyzed parameters were observed in different stages of COVID-19. In turn, the concentrations of kynurenine (p < 0.0001), N-formylkynurenine (p < 0.0001), dityrosine (p < 0.0001), and AGEs (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, whereas tryptophan levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in convalescents than in healthy controls. The ROC analysis revealed that protein glycoxidation products can be useful for diagnosing infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus because they differentiate COVID-19 patients (KN: sensitivity—91.20%, specificity—92.00%; NFK: sensitivity—92.37%, specificity—92.00%; AGEs: sensitivity—99,02%, specificity—100%) and convalescents (KN: sensitivity—82.22%, specificity—84.00%; NFK: sensitivity—82,86%, specificity—86,00%; DT: sensitivity—100%, specificity—100%; AGE: sensitivity—100%, specificity—100%) from healthy subjects with high sensitivity and specificity. Nitrosative stress and protein glycoxidation are intensified both during and after an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The levels of redox biomarkers fluctuate in different stages of the disease. Circulating biomarkers of nitrosative stress/protein glycoxidation have potential diagnostic utility in both COVID-19 patients and convalescents.

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Changes in serum levels of apelin and nitric oxide in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: association with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and severity of disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Serum levels of Nitric Oxide metabolites in relation to Body Mass Index and Arterial stiffness in young individuals

Serum levels of Nitric Oxide metabolites in relation to Body Mass Index and Arterial stiffness in young individuals

Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19

Significance of nitrosative stress and glycoxidation products in the diagnosis of COVID-19

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