Changes in Skin Color after Smoking Cessation

Cho, Young Hye; Jeong, Dong Wook; Seo, Sang Hee; Lee, Sang Yeoup; Choi, Eun Jung; Kim, Yun Jin; Lee, Jeong Gyu; Lee, Yu Hyun; Bae, Mi Jin; Chin, Hyun Woo

doi:10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.2.105

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Lighter skin among older people was reported to be caused by a decrease in the number of melanocytes, which is estimated to decrease by around 8-20% per decade (46). Our findings of higher melanin levels among non-sunscreen users, those who were exposed to the sun (including traveling to sunny climates), and current smokers were consistent with previously published research (21, 43,44,47,48).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Melanin levels in relation to vitamin D among first-generation immigrants from different ethnic groups and origins: A comparative national Canadian cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionImmigrants to Western countries tend to have darker skin than native-born populations. We examined the relationship between skin melanin and serum vitamin D (vitD) [S-25(OH)D] levels and explored whether melanin levels explained S-25(OH)D variations between immigrants and native-born Canadians. This study offers novel findings as no such study has been conducted.MethodsWe used a national cross-sectional population-based design with data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Skin melanin levels among first-generation immigrants based on their ethnicity and origin/country of birth were compared with white and native-born populations. We assessed the association between S-25(OH)D and melanin after adjusting for independent variables related to S-25(OH)D, melanin level, and immigration status.ResultsOf 11,579 participants, 21.9% were immigrants aged 3–79 years (mean age 39.23 years). Compared with non-immigrants, immigrants had lower S-25(OH)D levels (mean: 51.23 vs. 62.72; 95% CI: 8.37, 14.62; P < 0.001) but higher melanin levels (mean [SE]: 17.08 [0.25] vs. 16.29 [0.29]; 95% CI: −1.29, −0.281; P = 0.004). Melanin did not differ by length of stay in Canada but was weakly positively correlated (r = 0.088, P < 0.001) with S-25(OH)D. Sex (male), age (≥18 years), summer/fall seasons, sunlight exposure, sunscreen non-use, smoking, and alcohol consumption were associated with higher melanin levels, whereas indoor tanning use was not.ConclusionSkin melanin levels were associated with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Immigrants had higher melanin levels, but melanin did not differ by length of stay in Canada. The weak positive correlation between melanin and S-25(OH)D suggested confounding factors may impact the relationship between melanin levels, S-25(OH)D, and immigration status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Melanin levels in relation to vitamin D among first-generation immigrants from different ethnic groups and origins: A comparative national Canadian cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“…To this we would add a simpler putative mechanism relating smoking to vitamin D-mediated effects on IBD and MS. Nicotine accumulates in melanin-expressing tissues 185 and activates amphibian dermal melanocytes in vitro 185 , while cigarette smoking promotes pigmentation in humans 186, 187 . That surplus melanin should slow the rate of UVB-mediated vitamin D production, thereby lowering vitamin D status.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Vitamin D Deficiency to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Palmer¹,

Weaver²

2013

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with industrialization, and its incidence has increased markedly over time. The prospect of reversing these trends motivates the search for the agent(s) involved. Modernity entails several physical and behavioral modifications that compromise both the photosynthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin, and of its bioavailability. Although deficiency in this “vitamin” has therefore emerged as a leading candidate, and despite the publication of a randomized control trial that showed a trend towards statistically significant benefit in Crohn’s disease, its causal agency has yet to be demonstrated by an adequately powered study. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the case being made by epidemiologists, geneticists, clinicians and basic researchers, and consolidate their findings into a model that provides mechanistic plausibility to the claim. Specifically, converging data sets suggest that local activation of vitamin D coordinates the activity of the innate and adaptive arms of immunity, and of the intestinal epithelium, in a manner that promotes barrier integrity, facilitates the clearance of translocated flora and diverts CD4 T cell development away from inflammatory phenotypes. Since smoking is an important risk-altering exposure, we also discuss its newly established melanizing effect, as well as other emerging evidence linking tobacco use to immune function through vitamin D pathways.

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“…Colour cues can and do change along with health. For example, dietary increases in carotenoids alter skin colour to appear healthier (Stephen et al, 2011;Tan et al, 2017;Whitehead, Re, Xiao, Ozakinci, & Perrett, 2012), smoking cessation lightens skin (Cho et al, 2012), and acute infection causes facial skin to become paler and greener (Henderson et al, 2017). Even simply missing several hours of sleep causes colour changes in facial areas related to a healthy appearance (Axelsson et al, 2010;Sundelin et al, 2013), and reduces observers' desire to interact with individuals who look this way (Sundelin, Lekander, Sorjonen, & Axelsson, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%