Changes in Social Orientation: Threats to a Cultural Institution in Marine Resource Exploitation in Tonga

Bender, Andrea

doi:10.17730/humo.66.1.8455j95820162374

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast, for a small group of verbs referring to social contexts, we did have reasons to expect such differences. Tongan culture places a strong emphasis on cooperation and sharing with others ( fetokoni ' aki ), and granting other people their requests—within certain limits—is regarded as a core value (Morton, 1996; Evans, 2001; Bender, 2007). The clearer a request is articulated, the more compelling is the obligation (Beller et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Linguistic Coding Of Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agents and Patients in Physical Settings: Linguistic Cues Affect the Assignment of Causality in German and Tongan

Bender

Beller

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Linguistic cues may be considered a potent tool for focusing attention on causes or effects. In this paper, we explore how different cues affect causal assignments in German and Tongan. From a larger screening study, two parts are reported here: Part 1 dealt with syntactic variations, including word order (agent vs. patient in first/subject position) and case marking (e.g., as ergative vs. non-ergative in Tongan) depending on verb type (transitive vs. intransitive). For two physical settings (wood floating on water and a man breaking a glass), participants assigned causality to the two entities involved. In the floating setting, speakers of the two languages were sensitive to syntactic variations, but differed in the entity regarded as causative. In the breaking setting, the human agent was uniformly regarded as causative. Part 2 dealt with implicit verb causality. Participants assigned causality to subject or object of 16 verbs presented in minimal social scenarios. In German, all verbs showed a subject (agent) focus; in Tongan, the focus depended on the verb; and for nine verbs, the focus differed across languages. In conclusion, we discuss the question of domain-specificity of causal cognition, the role of the ergative as causal marker, and more general differences between languages.

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Section: Linguistic Coding Of Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agents and Patients in Physical Settings: Linguistic Cues Affect the Assignment of Causality in German and Tongan

Bender

Beller

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…The second concerned the cultural and social factors constraining motives and decisions. This was done in comparison with a second village, not considered here (Bender, 2006(Bender, , 2007.…”

Section: Anthropological Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, as opposed to other villages (cf. Bender, 2006Bender, , 2007, the commercial fishers in Lofanga are still integrated into the traditional social network and contribute more than most. Second, the two attempts of local fishers to establish themselves as middlemen in 1998 failed because villagers rejected their commercial aspirations.…”

Section: Driving Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Marine Resource Exploitation in Lofanga, Tonga: One Case Study—Two Approaches

Kronen

Bender

2006

Hum Ecol

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This paper is an attempt to combine the results and conclusions of two independently designed research projects, in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the degree of exploitation of living marine resources by a small Tongan coastal fishing community. Results of a socioeconomic resource-driven survey and an anthropological study adopting a commons dilemma approach, agree substantially on the impact of tradition and changes, but disagree with regard to the driving forces. The socioeconomic study argues that dynamics between traditional and modern economic values best explain the state of the community's coastal fisheries; while the anthropological study argues that social values and obligations still determine to a great extent the goals people pursue with their economic activities. Current fishing pressure, the marine tenure system, and present and future marketing potentials are all factors which may result in conflict between the traditional Tongan system and the modern cash-based, remittance sustained system. These will ultimately affect the current and future status of coastal resources and the social cohesion of the community.

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“…In other words, obligations originate not only from the deontic structure of promises, but also load on external rules arising from the cultural value system. In Tonga, this includes the prime virtue of reciprocal help ( fetokoni'aki), which is grounded in respect and concern for others, is reflected in and reinforced by a strong orientation towards the group, and obligates people to provide mutual support and to share food and other resources (Bender 2007). Although this solidarity network incurs economic costs for the individual, it also generates an informal insurance system for all (Bender et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moral obligations of conflict and resistance

Killen

Dahl

2020

Behav Brain Sci

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Morality has two key features: (1) moral judgments are not solely determined by what your group thinks, and (2) moral judgments are often applied to members of other groups as well as your own group. Cooperative motives do not explain how young children reject unfairness, and assert moral obligations, both inside and outside their groups. Resistance and experience with conflicts, alongside cooperation, is key to the emergence and development of moral obligation.

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Changes in Social Orientation: Threats to a Cultural Institution in Marine Resource Exploitation in Tonga

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Agents and Patients in Physical Settings: Linguistic Cues Affect the Assignment of Causality in German and Tongan

Agents and Patients in Physical Settings: Linguistic Cues Affect the Assignment of Causality in German and Tongan

Assessing Marine Resource Exploitation in Lofanga, Tonga: One Case Study—Two Approaches

The moral obligations of conflict and resistance

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