Changes in soil microbial communities induced by warming and N deposition accelerate the CO2 emissions of coarse woody debris

Wang, Hankun; Wu, Chunsheng; Liu, Junping; Chen, Qi; Li, Chao; Shu, Chunjie; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Yuanqiu

doi:10.1007/s11676-022-01544-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As observed in other tropical ecosystems (Wang et al, 2023), we found that wood moisture was an important limiting factor of deadwood degradation at our sites (Table S1, p-value <0.001). Wood moisture controls saprophytic microbial activity (Cheesman et al, 2018) and determines the dominant fungi in decaying wood (Progar et al, 2000;Barker, 2008;Thybring et al, 2018).…”

Section: Climate Variables As Predictors Of Wood Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 85%

“…We found a positive relationship between wood microclimate variables and CO 2 fluxes across the precipitation gradient, and the strength of this relationship decreased at low precipitation sites. This result was expected as wood microclimate variables are known to be important drivers of deadwood degradation (Mackensen et al, 2003;Kahl et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2023), influencing microbial and invertebrate-driven degradation processes (Progar et al, 2000;Zanne et al, 2022). Moisture and temperature modulate enzyme production and activity and determine microhabitats suitable for microbial and invertebrate activity (Yoon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Climate Variables As Predictors Of Wood Microclimatementioning

confidence: 86%

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Wood microclimate as a predictor of carbon dioxide fluxes from deadwood in tropical Australia

Duan,

Chavez Rodriguez,

Hemming-Schroeder

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Deadwood is an important yet understudied carbon pool in tropical ecosystems. Wood microclimate, as defined by wood moisture content and temperature, drives decomposer (microbial, termite) activities and deadwood degradation to CO2. Microclimate is strongly influenced by local climate, and thus, climate data could be used to predict CO2 fluxes from decaying wood. Given the increasing availability of gridded climate data, this link would allow the rapid estimation of deadwood-related CO2 fluxes from tropical ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we adapted a mechanistic fuel moisture model that uses weather variables (e.g. air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation) to characterize wood microclimate along a rainfall gradient in Queensland, Australia. We then developed a Bayesian statistical relationship between microclimate and CO2 flux from pine (Pinus radiata) blocks deployed at sites and combined this relationship with our microclimate simulations to predict CO2 fluxes from deadwood at 1-hour temporal resolution. We compared our pine-based simulations to moisture-CO2 relationships from stems of native tree species deployed at the wettest and driest sites. Finally, we integrated fluxes over time to estimate the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere and compared these estimates to measured mass loss in pines and native stems. Our statistical model showed a positive relationship between CO2 fluxes and wood microclimate variables. Comparing cumulative CO2 with wood mass loss, we observed that carbon from deadwood decomposition is mainly released as CO2 regardless of the precipitation regime. At the dry savanna, only about 19 % of the wood mass loss was released to CO2 within 48 months, compared to 86 % at the wet rainforest, suggesting longer residence times of deadwood compared to wetter sites. However, the amount of carbon released in-situ as CO2 is lower when wood blocks are attacked by termites, especially at drier sites. These results highlight the important but understudied role of termites in the breakdown of deadwood in dry climates. Additionally, mass loss-flux relationships of decaying native stems deviated from that of pine blocks. Our results indicate that wood microclimate variables are important in predicting CO2 fluxes from deadwood degradation, but are not sufficient, as other factors such as wood traits (wood quality, chemical composition, and stoichiometry) and biotic processes should be considered in future modeling efforts.

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Section: Climate Variables As Predictors Of Wood Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Climate Variables As Predictors Of Wood Microclimatementioning

confidence: 86%

Wood microclimate as a predictor of carbon dioxide fluxes from deadwood in tropical Australia

Duan,

Chavez Rodriguez,

Hemming-Schroeder

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Its capacity to trap heat in the atmosphere contributes significantly to the phenomenon of global warming, which leads to an overall increase in atmospheric temperatures [45,46]. According to Wang et al [47], global climate change is being driven by two major factors, viz. atmospheric warming and nitrogen deposition.…”

Section: Engine Performance-environmental Impact Analysis Of the Biod...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shea Butter Oil Biodiesel Synthesized Using Snail Shell Heterogeneous Catalyst: Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis in Diesel Engine Applications

et al. 2023

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The implementation of biodiesel in internal combustion engines has been observed to enhance engine performance and mitigate the discharge of toxic gaseous emissions from the engine. In this research, Shea Butter Oil Biodiesel (SBOB) was used to operate a diesel engine to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics. Shea Butter Oil Biodiesel (SBOB) was blended with petroleum diesel in ratios 0:100 (B0), 25:75 (B25), 50:50 (B50), 75:25 (B75), and 100:0 (B100). The torque, brake power (BP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine were determined. Gaseous emissions from the engine’s combustion were characterized using the BOSEAN BH-4S portable multi-gas detector, while the organic emissions compositions were detected and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The fuel properties of SBOB and its blends were found to be within the range of acceptable standards. However, the carbon content, sulphur content, heating value, and ash content of the blends decreased from 0.68 to 0.12 wt %, 0.04 to 0.00 wt %, 44.2 to 34.2 MJ/kg, and 0.020 to 0.010 wt %, respectively. The engine torque, brake power, BTE, and engine vibrations were found to reduce when the biodiesel blends were used. Besides the diesel fuel, the biodiesel blend, B25, produced the best engine performance characteristics with 8.50 Nm torque, 1780.95 W BP, and 90.29% BTE. The B100 produced the lowest concentrations of carbon emissions, viz. 520 ppm CO and 1.0% CO2. The NO and NO2 concentrations were found to increase for all the biodiesel blends used. The NO and NO2 concentrations were measured as 230 ppm and 210 ppm for B0, respectively, and 250 ppm and 235 ppm for B25, respectively. The research showed that SBOB has improved engine performance and lowered the emissions profile of CO and CO2 compared with petroleum diesel. The GCMS analysis confirmed that some harmful organic compounds were present in the emissions profile obtained from the exhaust samples of the diesel engine at various compositions.

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An easy, convenient statistical method to analyze bark beetle populations

Borkowski

2023

J. For. Res.

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A non-invasive method to estimate the number of Trypodendron lineatum holes on dead standing pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was developed using linear and nonlinear estimations. A classical linear regression model was first used to analyze the relationship between the number of holes caused by T. lineatum on selected stem units and the total number of holes on an entire dead stem of P. sylvestris. Then, to obtain a better fit of the regression function to the data for the stem unit selected in the first step, piecewise linear regression (PLR) was used. Last, in an area used to evaluate wood decomposition (method validation), the total and mean numbers of T. lineatum holes were estimated for single dead trees and for a sample (n = 8 dead trees). Data were collected in 2009 (data set D1), in 2010–2014 (data set D2) and in 2020 (data set D3) in forests containing P. sylvestris located within Suchedniów–Oblęgorek Landscape Park, Poland. A model was constructed with three linear equations. An evaluation of model accuracy showed that it was highly effective regardless of the density of T. lineatum holes and sample size. The method enables the evaluation of the biological role of this species in the decomposition of dead standing wood of P. sylvestris in strictly protected areas.

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Changes in soil microbial communities induced by warming and N deposition accelerate the CO2 emissions of coarse woody debris

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Wood microclimate as a predictor of carbon dioxide fluxes from deadwood in tropical Australia

Wood microclimate as a predictor of carbon dioxide fluxes from deadwood in tropical Australia

Shea Butter Oil Biodiesel Synthesized Using Snail Shell Heterogeneous Catalyst: Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis in Diesel Engine Applications

An easy, convenient statistical method to analyze bark beetle populations

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