Changes in solar activity and Holocene climatic shifts derived from 14C                 wiggle-match dated peat deposits

Mauquoy, Dmitri; Geel, B. van; Blaauw, Maarten; Speranza, A.O.M.; Plicht, Johannes van der

doi:10.1191/0959683604hl688rp

Cited by 98 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Ordination techniques (PCA and DCA) have been used to create a single index of mire surface wetness based on the total sub-fossil dataset for a peat profile (Barber et al, 1994;Mauquoy et al, 2004b;Sillasoo et al, 2007), in which it is assumed that the principal axis of variability in the dataset is linked to hydrology. Quantitative reconstructions of local water-table depths are also possible, based on water table/ surface vegetation modelling (Väliranta et al, 2007).…”

Section: Plant Macrofossilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Chambers

Booth

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2012

Quaternary International

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159

104

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 11364 The Netherlands a b s t r a c t Peat, especially from acidic mires (bogs), is a natural archive of past environmental change. Reconstructions of past climate from bogs commenced in the 19th Century through examination of visible peat stratigraphy, and later formed the basis for a postglacial climatic scheme widely used in Northwest Europe. Nevertheless, misconceptions as to how bogs grow led to a 50-year lacuna in peat-climate study, before the concept of 'cyclic regeneration' in bogs was refuted. In recent decades, research using proxyclimate indicators from bogs has burgeoned. A range of proxies for past hydrological change has been developed, as well as use of pollen, bog oaks and pines and other data to reconstruct past temperatures. Most of this proxy-climate research has been carried out in Northern Europe, but peat-based research in parts of Asia and North America has increased, particularly during the last decade, while research has also been conducted in Australia, New Zealand and South America. This paper reviews developments in proxy-climate reconstructions from peatlands; chronicles use of a range of palaeo-proxies such as visible peat stratigraphy, plant macrofossils, peat humification, testate amoebae and non-pollen palynomorphs; and explains the use of wiggle-match radiocarbon dating and relationship to climate shifts. It details other techniques being used increasingly, such as biomarkers, stable-isotopes, inorganic geochemistry and estimation of dust flux; and points to new proxies under development. Although explicit protocols have been developed recently for research on ombrotrophic mires, it must be recognised that not all proxies and techniques have universal applicability, owing to differences in species assemblages, mire formation, topographic controls, and geochemical characteristics.

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Section: Plant Macrofossilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Chambers

Booth

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2012

Quaternary International

Self Cite

159

104

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“…stems and opercula, Calluna vulgaris stems, Erica tetralix stems and inflorescences, and Andromeda polifolia leaves), following the protocols developed by Kilian et al (1995) and Mauquoy et al (2004). The samples were prepared at the GADAM Centre (Gliwice, Poland) using an acid-alkali-acid washing, drying and graphitisation following Goslar and Czernik (2000).…”

Section: Chronological Control Of the Peat Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic impacts in North Poland over the last 1300years — A record of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and S in an ombrotrophic peat bog

Vleeschouwer¹,

Fagel²,

Cheburkin³

et al. 2009

Science of The Total Environment

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Lead pollution history over Northern Poland was reconstructed for the last ca. 1300 years using the elemental and Pb isotope geochemistry of a dated Polish peat bog. The data show that Polish Pb-Zn ores and coal were the main sources of Pb, other heavy metals and S over Northern Poland up until the industrial revolution. After review of the potential mobility of each element, most of the historical interpretation was based on Pb and Pb isotopes, the other chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, S) being considered secondary indicators of pollution. During the last century, leaded gasoline also contributed to anthropogenic Pb pollution over Poland. Coal and Pb-Zn ores, however, remained important sources of pollution in Eastern European countries during the last 50 years, as demonstrated by a high 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratio (1.153) relative to that of Western Europe (ca. 1.10). The Pb data for the last century were also in good agreement with modelled Pb inventories over Poland and the Baltic region.

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“…For each 1 cm thick layer the species composition of the macrofossils was determined and expressed as volume percentages. Many levels were precisely dated using 14 C wiggle match dating (van Geel & Mook 1989;Mauquoy et al 2004). In addition, the bulk density of each layer, and C and N content of each uneven numbered layer were determined.…”

Section: Model Evaluation: Comparison With Peat Core Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on 14 C dated sequences of plant remains, reconstructions of plant species composition through time can be made. Changes in species composition that have been observed in peat cores have been related to past changes in climate (Aaby 1976;Barber 1981;van Geel et al 1996;Mauquoy et al 2004). Therefore peat cores contain excellent material to study the long-term effects of historic climatic changes, such as the Little Ice Age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term effects of climate change on vegetation and carbon dynamics in peat bogs

Heijmans

Mauquoy

Geel

et al. 2008

J Vegetation Science

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102

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Questions: What are the long-term effects of climate change on the plant species composition and carbon sequestration in peat bogs? Methods: We developed a bog ecosystem model that includes vegetation, carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics. Two groups of vascular plant species and three groups of Sphagnum species compete with each other for light and nitrogen. The model was tested by comparing the outcome with long-term historic vegetation changes in peat cores from Denmark and England. A climate scenario was used to analyse the future effects of atmospheric CO 2 , temperature and precipitation. Results: The main changes in the species composition since 1766 were simulated by the model. Simulations for a future warmer, and slightly wetter, climate with doubling CO 2 concentration suggest that little will change in species composition, due to the contrasting effects of increasing temperatures (favouring vascular plants) and CO 2 (favouring Sphagnum). Further analysis of the effects of temperature showed that simulated carbon sequestration is negatively related to vascular plant expansion. Model results show that increasing temperatures may still increase carbon accumulation at cool, low N deposition sites, but decrease carbon accumulation at high N deposition sites. Conclusions: Our results show that the effects of temperature, precipitation, N-deposition and atmospheric CO 2 are not straightforward, but interactions between these components of global change exist. These interactions are the result of changes in vegetation composition. When analysing long-term effects of global change, vegetation changes should be taken into account and predictions should not be based on temperature increase alone.

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Changes in solar activity and Holocene climatic shifts derived from 14C wiggle-match dated peat deposits

Cited by 98 publications

References 59 publications

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Development and refinement of proxy-climate indicators from peats

Anthropogenic impacts in North Poland over the last 1300years — A record of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and S in an ombrotrophic peat bog

Long‐term effects of climate change on vegetation and carbon dynamics in peat bogs

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