Changes in Somatotropic Axis Response and Body Composition During Growth Hormone Administration in Progressive Cachectic Parasitism

Elsasser, T.H.; Sartin, James L.; McMahon, Chris; Romo, G.A.; Fayer, Ronald; Kahl, S; Blagburn, B L

doi:10.1016/s0739-7240(98)00014-9

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, in adult cattle, an acute thermal exposure increases GH axis activity ) while a chronic thermal stress decreases GH secretion . There are several studies on the importance of GH for the immune function in calves and the reactivity of GH axis on feeding routines (Elsasser et al, 1997;Elsasser et al, 1998;Sartin et al, 1998;Sartin et al, 2000), but the GH axis reactivity for physical stressors or handling in calves has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of floor type or relocation on calves’ pulsatile growth hormone and cortisol secretion

Hänninen

L⊘vendahl²,

Passillé

et al. 2006

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

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To examine if hard floor or relocation to a new room affects the pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol in calves, we housed individually 12 calves on concrete floors and 12 on rubber mats for 67 Á74 days. Half of the calves in each pen were relocated to an identical but strange room. Serial blood samples were taken 24 h prior to and 24 h following relocation at 20-min intervals and were assayed for GH and cortisol. Both of the hormones had a clear ultradian pulsatile variation. We detected (mean9/se) 4.69/0.6 GH pulses/24 h. GH concentrations peaked four times during the day and pulses were higher in daytime. Cortisol peaked 5.89/0.6 times/24 h. Cortisol concentrations were highest at feeding. No overall effects of flooring or relocation were found but calves on concrete floors had greater cortisol concentrations than on rubber mats, especially during the night.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of floor type or relocation on calves’ pulsatile growth hormone and cortisol secretion

Hänninen

L⊘vendahl²,

Passillé

et al. 2006

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

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“…In order to be consistent with previously-published observations on the proinflammatory immune response to Sarcocystis protozoan infection, 6,8 test subjects in the present study were castrated male (steer) Holstein calves approximately 3-months of age and averaging 124±4 kg body weight at the time the infection challenge was initiated. Calves were bred and raised at the USDA Dairy Research Facility, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, at Beltsville, MD.…”

Section: Experimental Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In particular, we observed that the pattern of change in fat and protein content of impacted tissues was not uniform as regards the extent to which different tissue depots were affected. 8 For example, visceral organ weight and chemical composition were not different between infected and control animals whereas regional muscle (leg v back) and fat depots (visceral v intramuscular v kidneypelvic) were differentially affected. In our calf studies, particularly evident was the observation that the affected reduced muscle protein gains (actual losses in average daily protein content in some individual muscles) were more associated with what are characterized as red postural muscles than more white locomotor muscles (Bovine Mycology and Muscle Typing, http://www.bovine.unl.edu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…4 Growth deficits and associated cachectic and atrophic metabolic responses (anorexia, fever production, protein and fat mobilization, liver acute phase protein synthesis) to infection in the young are evident not only in changes in body weight gain or height velocity over time but also observable as changes in body composition. 5 Using models of parasitemediated progressive inflammatory disease in calves, [6][7][8] we characterized organ and tissue depot-specific changes in chemical body composition associated with reduced rate of weight gain and/or weight loss during parasitic infection. In particular, we observed that the pattern of change in fat and protein content of impacted tissues was not uniform as regards the extent to which different tissue depots were affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein tyrosine nitration in chronic intramuscular parasitism: immunohistochemical evaluation of relationships between nitration, and fiber type-specific responses to infection

Elsasser¹,

Romo

Eastridge

et al. 2011

Vet Sci Develop

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The present study was conducted to determine whether preferential muscle catabolism [psoas major (PM) > rectus femoris (RF)] observed during the chronic intramuscular stage of Sarcocystis cruzi infection could be associated with the pathological consequences of increased protein tyrosine nitration in fibers characteristically more metabolically active due to higher mitochondrial density. Holstein calves were assigned to control (C), or S. cruzi-infected (I) groups, n=5/group. Calves were euthanized on day 63 of infection. Samples of RF and PM were prepared for metabolic fiber typing (MFT: slow oxidative, SOType I; fast oxidative glycolytic, FOG -Type IIa; fast glycolytic, FG -Type IIb), fiber area, and immunohistochemical localization of fast myosin heavy chain 2a and 2b, nitrotyrosine (NT), and mitochondrial Complex V ATP-synthase. MFT analysis documented that PM contained twice the number of SO fibers compared to RF (32 v 16%, P<0.002). SO and FOG fibers (Both higher in mitochondrial density than FG fibers) in both PM and RF were significantly smaller in area in I calves with mean FG areas not different between C and I. Muscle NT content (Western blot of myofibrillar protein fraction) increased with infection; NT was immunohistochemically localized into three distinct patterns in fibers: i) sparse fiber staining, ii) dense punctuate intrafiber staining, and iii) pericystic staining. By image analysis, the greatest punctuate intrafiber pixel density of NT was associated with SO fibers from I calves with the NT colocalizing with mitochondrial Complex V -F1F0 ATP synthase. More fibers were positive for the colocalization in PM than RF (P<0.04). The data are consistent with the concept that fibers rich in mitochondria possessing more inherent oxidative energy capacity generate more nitrated proteins than glycolytic fibers and as such are more affected by the proinflammatory response to infections like Sarcocystosis.

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“…A preparation enriched in membrane protein, such as those used in GH radioreceptor assays, was also prepared (Elsasser et al 1998). Briefly, 500 mg of frozen liver tissue was homogenized in 5 ml of sucrose buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7·6, 250 mM sucrose, 5 mM EGTA, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM Na pyrophosphate, 5 mM NaF, 1 mM PMSF, 10 µg/ml aprotinin and 10 µg/ml leupeptin).…”

Section: Preparation Of Cellular Extracts From Liver and Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy cows experience selective reduction of the hepatic growth hormone receptor during the periparturient period

Kim¹,

Rhoads²,

Block³

et al. 2004

Journal of Endocrinology

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At parturition, dairy cows experience a 70% reduction in plasma IGF-I. This reduction coincides with decreased abundance of GHR1A, the liver-specific transcript of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene, suggesting impaired growth hormone-dependent synthesis of IGF-I. It is not immediately obvious that the periparturient reduction in GHR1A is sufficient to reduce hepatic GHR abundance. This is because 50% of total GHR mRNA abundance in prepartum liver is accounted for by ubiquitously expressed transcripts which remain collectively unchanged at parturition. In addition, the possibility that parturition alters GHR expression in other growth hormone target tissue has not been examined. To address these questions, we measured GHR gene expression and GHR protein in liver and skeletal muscle of four dairy cows on days -35,+3 and+56 (relative to parturition on day 0). Hepatic GHR abundance and GHR1A transcripts were lower on day+3 than on day -35 and returned to late pregnancy value by day+56. Additional studies in two other groups of cows indicated that the hepatic levels of the GHR protein recovered substantially within 10 days after parturition. These changes occurred without variation in the abundance of HNF4, a liver-enriched transcription factor activating the promoter responsible for GHR1A synthesis. In contrast to liver, levels of GHR gene expression and GHR protein were identical on days -35,+3 and+56 in skeletal muscle. These data suggest a role for the GHR in regulating tissue-specific changes in growth hormone responsiveness in periparturient dairy cows.

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Changes in Somatotropic Axis Response and Body Composition During Growth Hormone Administration in Progressive Cachectic Parasitism

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

The effect of floor type or relocation on calves’ pulsatile growth hormone and cortisol secretion

The effect of floor type or relocation on calves’ pulsatile growth hormone and cortisol secretion

Protein tyrosine nitration in chronic intramuscular parasitism: immunohistochemical evaluation of relationships between nitration, and fiber type-specific responses to infection

Dairy cows experience selective reduction of the hepatic growth hormone receptor during the periparturient period

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