Changes in Spatial Inequality and Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Lima

Abstract

Since the 2000s, Lima city shows important changes in its socio-spatial structure, decreasing the long-established opposition between the centre and the periphery, developing a more complex arrangement. Sustained national economic growth has allowed better socio-economic conditions in different areas of the city. However, high inequality still remains in the ways of production of urban space, which affects residential segregation. To identify possible changes in the segregation patterns of Metropolitan Lima, this study focuses on the spatial patterns of occupational groups, examining their causes and relation with income inequality. The analysis is based on the 1993 and 2007 census data, measuring residential segregation by the Dissimilarity Index, comparing with the Diversity Index. The results confirm trends towards increased segregation between occupational groups. Top occupational groups are concentrated in central areas, expanding into adjacent districts. Bottom occupational groups are over-represented in distant neighbourhoods. In-between, a new, more mixed, transitional zone has emerged in upgraded formerly low-income neighbourhoods. Areas of lower occupational diversity coincide with extreme income values, forming spaces of greater segregation. In the metropolitan centre–periphery pattern, the centre has expanded, while the periphery has been shifted to outer peripheral rings.

The Impact of the National Housing Program on Residential Segregation in Costa Rica

“…These studies used similar spatial scales to promote comparability of results. A more recent series of studies confirmed increasing segregation trends in the already highly segregated São Paulo (Feitosa et al 2021) and in Lima (Fernández-de-Córdova et al 2021), found a decrease of segregation because of greater educational attainment combined with little residential mobility in Mexico City (Monkkonen, Giottonini, and Comandon 2021), and reported persistently high segregation levels (despite sustained economic growth and recovery after the 2001 crisis) in Buenos Aires (Molinatti 2021).…”

Necesidades urbanísticas versus el boom inmobiliario. Los casos de Magdalena del Mar y Carabayllo

“…Por otro lado, explicando el crecimiento urbano de Lima Metropolitana, en relación a la segregación residencial, se encuentra el estudio cualitativo de Fernández de Córdova et al (2021), en el cual se contrastan las diferencias en la población según su ubicación gracias a la revisión documentaria. Otra variable es la infuencia de las inmobiliarias, por ende, surge la necesidad de entender la lógica del mercado inmobiliario de una manera cualitativa (Wiese et al, 2016).…”

Examining Socio-Economic Inequality Among Commuters: The Case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area

“…In contrast, skilled labour markets span over larger territories. However, they tend to do this within the borders of the respective states as found in large cities such as Paris (Aguilera, 2005), Central German Metropolitan Region (Kauffmann, 2016), and London (Manley, 2021), and also cities in developing countries, such as Lima (Fernández-de-Córdova et al, 2021) and Jakarta (Rukmana & Ramadhani, 2021). Furthermore, studies also found further segregation with the most economical resources found in the higher-income community (Hipp & Kim, 2021;Manley, 2021;Sommeiller & Price, 2018).…”