Changes in Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in plaque in relation to the initiation of dental caries in negro children

Ikeda, Tadashi; Sandham, H.J.; Bradley, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(73)90076-9

Cited by 189 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Extensive evidence implicates Streptococcus mutans as the prime causative agent in dental caries in experimental animals and humans (4,5,9,13,18,20). This microorganism was first described in 1924 by Clark (2), who named it "mutans" because he thought it a mutant of other streptococci due to its commonly observed bacillary form.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bicarbonate and potassium regulation of the shape of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449S

Lin¹,

Tanzer

MacAlister

1987

J Bacteriol

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Morphological changes of S. mutans NCTC 10449S associated with growth in modified Jordan medium and FMC medium (Terleckyj et al., Infect. Immun. 11:649-655, 1975) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The cells were bacillary in Jordan medium, but coccoid and of unequal size in FMC. Transfer of the cells from Jordan medium to FMC and vice versa reversed their shapes, as did salt exchange between these media. Morphological changes could not be ascribed to either medium pH, concentration of P, or Na+/K+ ratio. However, they were growth dependent, since the changes did not occur when the cells were suspended in salt components alone or in media supplemented with protein synthesis inhibitors. Only a high bicarbonate/K+ ratio, as in FMC, produced spherical cells, whereas cells remained bacillary in medium with a low bicarbonate/K+ ratio, as in Jordan medium. Manipulating this ratio in other media resulted in similar shape changes. Thus, the shape of S. mutans 10449S can be dictated by the ratio of bicarbonate to K+ in the growth medium.

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confidence: 99%

Bicarbonate and potassium regulation of the shape of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449S

Lin¹,

Tanzer

MacAlister

1987

J Bacteriol

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“…In 1960, the inoculation of S. mutans into the oral cavity of rodents was first shown to result in dental caries formation if the animals were fed a caries-inducing high sucrose diet for extended periods of time (8,17). Epidemiological studies on humans indicated a positive correlation between the caries status and the prevalence of S. mutans in dental plaque or carious lesions (3,13,29).…”

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Dental Caries Induction in Experimental Animals by Clinical Strains of Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Japanese Children

Hamada

Ooshima

Torii

et al. 1978

Microbiology and Immunology

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Oral implantation and the cariogenic activity of clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans which had been isolated from Japanese children and labeled with streptomycin-resistance were examined in specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. All the seven strains tested were easily implanted and persisted during the experimental period. Extensive carious lesions were produced in rats inoculated with clinical strains of S. mutans belonging to serotypes c, d, e, and f, and maintained on caries-inducing diet #2000. Noninfected rats did not develop dental caries when fed diet #2000. Type d S. mutans preferentially induced smooth surface caries in the rats. Strains of other serotypes primarily developed caries of pit and fissure origin. Caries also developed in rats inoculated with reference S. mutans strains BH-TR and FAlR (type b) that had been maintained in the laboratories for many years. However, the cariogenicity of the laboratory strains was found to have decreased markedly. All three S. sanguis strains could be implanted, but only one strain induced definite fissure caries. Two S. salivarius strains could not be implanted well in the rats and therefore they were not cariogenic. Four different species of lactobacilli also failed to induce dental caries in rats subjected to similar caries test regimen on diet #2000. S. mutans strain MT6R (type c) also induce caries in golden hamsters and ICR mice, but of variable degrees.

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“…On MS agar, both rough and mucoid colonies of S. mutans were counted (4,14). On Rogosa SL agar, Lactobacillus colonies were counted as described previously (15).…”

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Effect of Long-Term Therapies with Penicillin and Sulfadiazine on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in Dental Plaque

Weld

Sandham

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Plaque samples were obtained from 13 children receiving long-term therapy with benzathine penicillin for the prevention of rheumatic fever recurrences, 31 children receiving oral sulfadiazine for the same purpose, and 29 untreated siblings. The therapies were found to have no effect upon the proportions of Streptococcus mutans or lactobacilli in dental plaque, upon the percentage of children harboring the organisms, nor upon the susceptibility of the organisms to penicillin and sulfadiazine. Of the S. mutans strains tested, 97% had a minimnal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G of less than 48 ng/ml and, of the lactobacillus strains tested, 96.8% had a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 1,600 ng/ml. All strains of both organisms were profoundly resistant to sulfadiazine.Children receiving 200,000 U of oral penicillin daily for rheumatic fever prophylaxis have been reported to experience reductions in the incidence of dental caries of up to 56% as compared with their untreated siblings (13, 18). Handelman and Hawes have reported that the oral penicillin therapy had no effect on the number of salivary lactobacilli (12) and that the penicillin resistances of the total flora, the streptococci, and the staphylococci in the salivas of the antibiotic users were higher than those in the untreated siblings (11). They did not study the effect of oral penicillin on Streptococcus mutans; consequently, it is not known whether the caries-inhibiting effect of that agent (13) resulted from its action on that organism. Furthermore, they did not examine the dental plaque flora, which is more intimately associated with the development of the carious lesion than is the salivary flora.

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Changes in Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in plaque in relation to the initiation of dental caries in negro children

Cited by 189 publications

References 15 publications

Bicarbonate and potassium regulation of the shape of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449S

Bicarbonate and potassium regulation of the shape of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449S

Dental Caries Induction in Experimental Animals by Clinical Strains of Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Japanese Children

Effect of Long-Term Therapies with Penicillin and Sulfadiazine on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in Dental Plaque

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