Changes in Structure and Elemental Composition of Vitrified Leaves of 'Gala' Apple in Vitro

Pasqualetto, P.-L.; Wergin, W.; Zimmerman, R. H.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1988.227.64

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Very limited information exists on the nutritional comparisons between normal and vitrified tissues. Vitrified apple tissues have a higher Ca and K concentration as compared to normal tissues (Pasqualetto et al 1988b). However, vitrified plants of petunia had lower Ca, but higher K and P levels (Zimmerman et al 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between calcium and agar on vitrification and shoot-tip necrosis of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) shoots in vitro

Singha

Townsend

Oberly

1990

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Shoot-tip cultures of Quince C (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) initiated on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 #M BA and 0.6% Phytagar showed both shoot-tip necrosis and severe vitrification. Culturing explants on medium containing 1.2% Phytagar and Ca levels of 3 mM (MS medium), 18 mM and 30mM showed a decrease in growth with increasing medium Ca levels, being especially severe at 30 mM. The Ca content of the explants increased linearly with increasing medium Ca. Culturing explants on medium containing 3 mM, 9 mM, and 18 mM Ca at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% agar resulted in reduction in growth, shoot-tip necrosis, and vitrification when either factor was increased. The reduction in shoot-tip necrosis could be accounted for primarily by an increase in medium Ca levels but may also be affected by a change in explant growth. Increasing Ca concentration in the medium resulted in a linear increase in explant K, Ca, Mg, and B levels and a decrease in Mn and Na. Although increasing medium Ca or agar levels reduced vitrification, it is unclear whether they were the direct cause of the reduction in vitrification or whether this response was an effect of the reduction in culture fresh weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between calcium and agar on vitrification and shoot-tip necrosis of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) shoots in vitro

Singha

Townsend

Oberly

1990

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…Twenty percent of the plants cultivated on MCC medium are vitreous (Table 2). Vitrification caused by gelling agent was discussed (Pasqualetto 1988). The synthesis of chlorophyll a and b is reduced and their content in vitreous leaves is about 2.5 times smaller than in normal leaves (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of agar and microcrystal cellulose as gelling agents forin vitro culture ofNicotiana tabacum stem expiants

Gorinova¹,

Atanasov²,

Alexandrova³

et al. 1993

Biologia plant.

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Investigation was made on a use of microcrystal cellulose as a new and inexpensive gelling agent instead of agar. Microcrystal cellulose in concentration 20 % forms a suitable structure of nutrient medium for in vitro cultivation. The higher humidity in the culture container with microcrystal cellulose causes partial vitrification of Nicotiana tabacum L. plants, cv. Zlatna arda. It is proved by reduced chlorophyll content, changes in protein synthesis and strongly reduced isoenzyme spectrum of peroxidase.

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“…Although neither OX-nor MK-grown shoots are hyperhydric, the water content of these cultures is significantly different (Table 1). Changing the gelling agent would be expected to alter various physical and chemical factors associated with the culture medium (Debergh, 1983), and the nutritional composition of explants is a reflection of these changes (Pasqualetto et al, 1988b). The results on water retention capacity, determined by measuring the water toss at 45% RH, are surprising, since it is normally expected that the more hyperhydric plantlets have more water toss (Capellades, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of agar on in vitro cultures: II. Biological performance of ranunculus on media solidified with three different agar brands

Beruto¹,

Curir

Debergh

1999

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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The type of gelling agent can influence to a large extent clonal propagation of Ranunculus asiaticus L. through axillary bud stimulation. In preliminary experiments we identified three agar brands (Oxoid = OX, Merck = MK, and Roth = RT) which affect the availability of water and minerals to tissues in different ways. In the present study we investigate the influence of these agars on the in vitro performance of Ranunculus. On OX and MK gels, growth was satisfactory, although the former had a more promotive effect on fresh and dry weight production and on multiplication rate. Growth and development of shoots were poor on RT; shoot clumps showed symptoms of hyperhydricity, with shoots having large dark-green malformed leaves and very elongated petioles. Epidermal strips of leaves from shoots grown on the different gels and collected at the end of the culture period revealed differences according to the agar brand on which the plantlets were cultured. Severe structural deformations of stomata could be detected on RT-grown shoots. The analyses of the sugar content of the gel at the end of the culture period demonstrated that the explants grown on RT gels are strictly dependent on the carbohydrates in the medium. On OX and MK gels the heterotrophic metabolism was lowered compared to RT-grown explants. The agar brand on which plantlets were grown also influenced water retention capacity and water content of the shoots. Experiments with tritiated water were undertaken to better understand the water fluxes inside the vessel and to investigate the difference in "pump function" exerted by shoots cultured on the three gels. Shoots grown on OX media showed the best "pump function," which would account for the better results obtained on this gel. On the basis of the relationship between gel properties and the growth of Ranunculus shoots, we conclude that the different physiological responses on the three gels are a reflection of different water and nutrient availability in the different media.

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Changes in Structure and Elemental Composition of Vitrified Leaves of 'Gala' Apple in Vitro

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between calcium and agar on vitrification and shoot-tip necrosis of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) shoots in vitro

Relationship between calcium and agar on vitrification and shoot-tip necrosis of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) shoots in vitro

Comparison of agar and microcrystal cellulose as gelling agents forin vitro culture ofNicotiana tabacum stem expiants

Influence of agar on in vitro cultures: II. Biological performance of ranunculus on media solidified with three different agar brands

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