“…Much of this concern has focused on the longstanding mathematical under-preparedness of incoming third level students, as issue which is regularly referred to as the 'Maths Problem' (Howson et al, 1995). This phenomenon in which students are under-prepared for the mathematical demands of their undergraduate course, dates back many decades and has been reported in countries such as Ireland (Cleary, 2007;Faulkner et al, 2010), the U.K. (Edwards, 1995;Lawson, 2003), and more recently Portugal (Carr et al, 2015). The 'Maths Problem' is characterised by beginning undergraduates displaying a lack of basic mathematical skills, as well as fragmented understanding, inadequate concept knowledge, and an inability to successfully solve mathematical problems (Rylands & Coady, 2009;Gill, O'Donoghue, Faulkner, Hannigan, 2010).…”