Changes in subsidence and uplift and the nighttime land surface temperature anomaly related the distance to the earthquake epicenter and the faults using Sentinel and MODIS imageries

Abstract

When an earthquake occurs, the faults of the region usually heat the rocks and soil of the region due to their movements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the uplift, subsidence, cloud cover and changes in nighttime land surface temperature (nLST) anomalies around faults and the earthquake epicenter in Kermanshah, Iran (date and time of earthquake 12 November, 2017 at 18:18 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and at 21:48 Iranian time(. Heat changes were investigated by considering the effect of other cooling factors such as vegetation (EVI), land altitude and soil moisture, rainfall and water areas. Using the MODIS sensor product, the amount of cloud cover and cooling factors were obtained. Using sentinel 1A the amount of earth uplift and subsidence were calculated. The results showed that using statistical analysis, a significant difference was observed in the nighttime land surface temperature around the faults and around the uplift and subsidence on the night of the accident, before and after night of earthquake. However, there was no significant difference between nighttime temperature and changes in the rate of spatial variation of cooling factors. It was found that the earthquake caused an increase in temperature at the fault and earthquake epicenter location. It also causes changes in height such as uplift and subsidence. Cloud cover situation showed before the earthquake, the cloud density was high and after the earthquake, the cloud density decreased. Crises managers can consider these results for monitoring metropolices for more readiness before earthquake accordance.