Changes in tear film, corneal topography, and refractive status in premenopausal women during menstrual cycle

Çavdar, Ercüment; Özkaya, Abdullah; Alkın, Zeynep; Özkaya, Hande Mefkure; Babayiğit, Mustafa Alparslan

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2013.11.005

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the post-menopausal period, higher T and androgen levels were associated with increased tear production, whereas higher estrogen levels were associated with reduced tear production [11]. However, in a recent clinical study, Cavdar et al reported that elevated estrogen levels produced subclinical dry eye symptoms in premenopausal women during menstrual cycle [3]. In a recent animal study, Rahimi Darabad et al found that complete estrogen absence is associated with significant increase in the tear volume of male mice but not female mice [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hormonal status and sex steroids such as estrogens and androgens have important roles in the ocular surface, and previous studies demonstrated the presence of sex steroid receptors in various ocular tissues [3]. The relationship between hormone levels and tear function is complicated, but it is still uncertain how sexual hormones regulate tear function [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex hormone receptors have been demonstrated in numerous ocular surface tissues including the components of tear film, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea [3,4]. Estrogen has been reported to have major regulatory effect on corneal wound healing, renewal of corneal epithelium and protection of tear deficiency [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of androgen replacement therapy on cornea and tear function in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Gökçe

Hürmeriç²,

Mumcuoğlu

et al. 2015

Postgraduate Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of androgen replacement therapy on cornea and tear function in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Gökçe

Hürmeriç²,

Mumcuoğlu

et al. 2015

Postgraduate Medicine

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“…Previous studies dealt with changes in corneal parameters or refractive values during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle (Cavdar et al. ; Gatzioufas et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between mode of delivery and astigmatism in preschool children

Liu

Yang

Tang

et al. 2017

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…42 Subjective symptoms of discomfort were also significantly related to hormonal fluctuations in the menstrual cycle (Figure 4), with a peak occurring towards the end of the luteal phase, suggesting a pre-menstrual syndrome involving ocular discomfort. [42][43][44][45][46] Menstrual-phase related symptoms were shown also in contact lens wearers, 47 although other authors disagree. 48 Other parameters do not appear to be affected during the cycle, such as tear osmolarity, 49 tear ferning grade, 50 evaporation rate and tear turnover rate.…”

Section: The ''His and Hers'' Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Steroid Imbalance in Females and Dry Eye

Versura

Giannaccare

Campos

2014

Current Eye Research

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Dry eye (DE) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface unit that results in eye discomfort, visual disturbance and ocular surface damage. It is one of the most common complaints in daily ophthalmic practice. The risk of DE increases with age in both sexes, while its incidence is higher among females. In addition, the condition of menopause in aging women may also contribute to DE onset or worsening as a consequence of an overall hormonal imbalance. Sex hormones play a key role in ocular surface physiology and they impact differently on ocular surface tissues. Reduced estrogen levels were historically thought to be responsible in age-related DE onset but more recent investigations have reconsidered the role of androgens that are present and exert a protective function on the ocular surface. Hormone levels themselves, withdrawal changes in hormone levels, and the changes in hormone-receptor responsiveness are all important factors but it remains to be fully elucidated how estrogen or androgen insufficiency act alone or together in a combined imbalance or interplay to raise the risk of disease. The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the influence of androgens and estrogens, on the Lachrymal and Meibomian glands and on ocular surface epithelia including conjunctival goblet cells during reproductive and menopausal periods. The role of sex steroids is also discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of different forms of DE and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The impact of systemic hormone therapy (HT) in DE post-menopausal women still appears as a controversial issue, despite the many clinical studies. Finally, the outcomes of topical applications of steroid-based products are summarized, underlying the need for potential (tear) biomarker(s) in the rationale of DE-targeted therapy.

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Changes in tear film, corneal topography, and refractive status in premenopausal women during menstrual cycle

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of androgen replacement therapy on cornea and tear function in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Effects of androgen replacement therapy on cornea and tear function in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Association between mode of delivery and astigmatism in preschool children

Sex-Steroid Imbalance in Females and Dry Eye

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