Changes in terpene production following nitrogen fertilization of grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.) seedlings

Muzika, Rose‐Marie; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Hanover, James W.

doi:10.1007/bf00380070

Cited by 87 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…On the other hand, there are contradictory results about the effects of N availability on terpenes and resin acids. Nitrogen fertilization either increased (McCullough & Kulman, 1991), decreased (Muzika, Pregitzer & Hanover, 1989 ;Kainulainen et al, 1996) or had no effect on terpene concentration (Holopainen et al, 1995) and either increased (Bjo$ rkman et al, 1991 ;Kainulainen et al, 1996) resin acid concentration in mature pine needles or decreased it in small first-year pine seedlings (Holopainen et al, 1995). In this study total terpenes and total resin acids in small pine seedlings did not show any consistent response to N availability.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Availability On Host Plant Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 60%

Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings to a generalist insect herbivore, Lygus rugulipennis, at two nitrogen availability levels

Manninen

Holopainen

Holopainen³

1998

New Phytologist

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We tested how nitrogen availability affects suitability of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and non‐mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris (L.) for a polyphagous insect herbivore. Seedlings grown on sterile agar at two N levels, were infected or not with the ECM fungus Cenococcum geophilum (Sow.) Ferd. & Winge. Ultrastructural observations showed that C. geophilum formed well‐developed ectomycorrhizas in pine roots. After mycorrhizal establishment, oviposition preference of the polyphagous tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis Popp.) was determined in three different experiments. The duration of these experiments and the amount of irradiance were different. Nitrogen level or mycorrhizal treatment did not have significant effects on oviposition preference. However, mycorrhizal seedlings were favoured as an oviposition site at the lower N level, but only in expt 1. Total or individual terpene, total resin acid and total or individual sugar concentrations in pine shoots were not altered by treatment. Total phenolics concentration in pine shoots and roots was also the same in different treatments. Of individual resin acids, the concentration of dehydroabietic acid was increased after mycorrhizal treatment. Total resin acid, abietic acid and sandaraco pimaric acid concentrations correlated negatively with the number of Lygus eggs, but the correlations were only marginally significant. Of individual terpenes, β‐pinene and bornylacetate concentrations had a significant positive correlation with the number of Lygus eggs. Greater amounts of N predictably increased total N concentration in pine seedlings in expts 1 and 2, but mycorrhizal infection increased total nitrogen concentration only in expt 3. Total N concentration did not correlate with the number of Lygus eggs in expts 1 and 2. An early stage of mycorrhizal development did not provide mycorrhizal benefits to the host plant as a higher nutrient concentration or as increased growth. These results suggest that host–plant quality might be involved in selection of oviposition site by L. rugulipennis, but ectomycorrhizal infection at this level does not seem to be an important mediator.

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Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Availability On Host Plant Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 60%

Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings to a generalist insect herbivore, Lygus rugulipennis, at two nitrogen availability levels

Manninen

Holopainen

Holopainen³

1998

New Phytologist

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“…Muzika et al (1989) detected that populations of Abies grandis might differ in the response of monoterpenes to nitrogen. E\-en the nitrogen fertilization level of 44-8 g m~".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource partitioning to growth, storage and defence in nitrogen‐fertilized Scots pine and susceptibility of the seedlings to the tarnished plant bug Lygus rugulipennis

et al. 1995

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SIMM,»LRYW"e tested how variable nitrogen availability affects the above-and below-ground growth of first-year Scots pine {Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and carbon allocation to defensive allelochemicals and storage. Concentrations of free amino acids were considered as indicators of nutritive quality. Suitability of seedlings for polyphagous Lygus rugulipennis Popp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) was tested with oviposition preference and nymphal growth experiments, .^t the end of the growing season, needle length increased while root biomass decreased with ele\'ated N fertilization, but shoot length was not affected. Concentration of starch in needles and roots, representing carbon storage, was not significantly affected by N fertilization, although there was a decrease in the starch concentration of needles when nitrogen input increased. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the pool of total and nonessential amino acids in the sboots. Arginine, proline and glutamine were the individual amino acids most affected by elevated N. Of the carbon-based defence compounds, total resin acid concentrations in shoots were significantly reduced witb elevated nitrogen in 9-wk-old seedlings, Palustric acid and neoabietic acid were the most affected indi\-idua) resin acids, wherea.s foliar monoterpenes were not influenced by N availability. Total phenoljcs in shoot and root showed variable response. The increasing effect of nitrogen on the oviposition rate of Lygus females w-as almost linear. Mean relative growth rate of the nymphs was significantly affected by the level of N fertilization, but the mortality of nymphs was high in all treatments. The results suggest that in nitrogen-rich environments the needle growtb of small Scots pine seedlings is improved, but their susceptibility to insect attack is increased and they remain less defended as predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. Total phenolics and resin acids, representing phenylalanine and mevalonic acid pathways, respectively, were both reduced by increased nitrogen availability. Together with the simultaneous increase of foliar free nitrogen in the form amino acids, the nutritive value of seedlings is ameliorated and this might explain susceptibility of nurser>'-grown, N fertilized seedlings to polyphagous Lygus bugs.

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“…Ten lateral shoots were removed and the needles from two branches per tree were analysed for monoterpene content by capillary gas chromatography, following extraction of fresh needles in pentane. The extraction procedure was based on that of Muzika, Pregitzer & Hanover (1989), but used pentane rather than hexane (Duncan, Hartley & Iason 1994). The needles from the other lateral shoots were freeze dried, milled (1-mm mesh) and analysed for nitrogen by a modified Bethelot reaction (Hinds & Lowe 1980), and for neutral detergent fibre (Van Soest & Wine 1967), acid detergent fibre and lignin (Van Soest 1963), total phenolics by the Prussian Blue method (Price & Butler 1977) condensed tannins by the butanol-HCl method (Martin & Martin 1982), and water-soluble carbohydrates by the anthrone method (Jermyn 1975).…”

Section: Tree Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monoterpene content of conifers seems less affected by environmental factors than that of herbaceous plants (e.g. Muzika et al 1989;Iason et al 1996), possibly because monoterpene production in conifers is under strong genetic control (Forrest & Samuel 1988;Muzika et al 1989;Mihaliak, Couvet & Lincoln 1989).…”

Section: Tree Morphology and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behaviour of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) offered Sitka Spruce saplings (Picea sitchensis) grown under different light and nutrient regimes

Hartley¹,

Iason²,

Duncan³

et al. 1997

Functional Ecology

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Diet selection is a central process in plant-herbivore interactions and is fundamental to understanding the ecological relationships between herbivores and their habitat. As well as understanding the reasons for observed patterns of diet selection by herbivores between plant species, it is important to determine why some individual plants within a species are heavily browsed while others remain undamaged. Two approaches can be used as a framework for the investigation of the selection of individual plants by herbivores. First, the relationship between the resources available to plants and the concentrations of secondary compounds in plants (and hence their palatability to herbivores) have been described by the carbon:nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis (Bryant, Chapin & Klein 1983;Bryant et al. 1991). This hypothesis predicts that when nutrient levels are low, the products of carbon fixation accumulate relative to the levels of nutrients available for plant growth, and the concentrations of carbon-based secondary compounds such as phenolics and tannins increase. When nutrient availability increases, the allocation of fixed carbon to phenolics and tannins decreases (Bryant et al. 1987) as greater amounts of fixed carbon are used for growth. Similarly, under limited light conditions, the lower availability of fixed carbon is also predicted to lead to lower levels of carbon-based secondary metabolites. Summary1. In addition to exhibiting preferences for particular plant species, vertebrate herbivores select particular individuals of these species whilst leaving others undamaged. This pattern of diet selection may reflect differences in the chemical composition (and hence nutritional quality) between individual plants, and/or variability in the physical constraints on intake rate, such as plant structure.2. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of environmental manipulations on the morphology and chemical composition of Sitka Spruce saplings, and to evaluate the consequences for herbivory by Red Deer. Fertilizing the trees increased tree height, branch span and leader length, twig width and needle width, and decreased the concentrations of total phenolics, condensed tannins, fibre and lignin but monoterpene content was not altered. Shading also reduced phenolic and tannin concentrations. 3. When the fertilized and shaded trees were offered to deer in feeding trials, the probability of a tree being visited by a deer and the biomass removed were influenced by tree morphological variables, as were the bite rate and intake rate of the deer. More biomass was removed from larger trees. 4. Once the effects of tree morphology had been taken into account, there was no effect of the fertilizer and shade treatments on deer browsing behaviour that could be attributed to changes in chemical composition of the trees. The relationship between intake rate and bite size at each tree varied between individual deer, but the functional response relationship between intake rate and bite size was not influenced by the treatments...

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Changes in terpene production following nitrogen fertilization of grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.) seedlings

Cited by 87 publications

References 25 publications

Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings to a generalist insect herbivore, Lygus rugulipennis, at two nitrogen availability levels

Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings to a generalist insect herbivore, Lygus rugulipennis, at two nitrogen availability levels

Resource partitioning to growth, storage and defence in nitrogen‐fertilized Scots pine and susceptibility of the seedlings to the tarnished plant bug Lygus rugulipennis

Feeding behaviour of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) offered Sitka Spruce saplings (Picea sitchensis) grown under different light and nutrient regimes

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