Changes in the ATP Content of the Calf Thymus Nuclei under the Influence of Insulin
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ABSTRACT:Thermodynamic quantities of dyes (proflavine, PF and 9-aminoacridine, 9AA) bound to the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex in the intercalation process have been evaluated from measurement of the heat of mixing. The free energy change for the duplex-PF system is smaller than that for the duplex-9AA system, indicating that the intercalation of PF into the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex is more stable than the intercalation of 9AA, as in the case of that in the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex-dye system reported previously. This conclusion was drawn from the heat of interaction between PF and poly(I) · poly(C) duplex being larger than that between 9AA and poly(I) · poly(C) duplex. In addition, the enthalpy change of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex-dye system is smaller than that of poly(A) · poly(U) duplex-dye one, suggesting that the conformational change of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex in the intercalation process is considerably larger than that of the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex.KEY WORDS Poly(I) · Poly(C) Duplex/ Proflavine / 9-Aminoacridine / UV Spectrum / Heat of Mixing / Intercalation Process / Thermodynamics of Interaction / Aminoacridine dyes are bound to DNA in two different ways, depending on the concentration of dye: The first type corresponds to strong binding 1 and/or the intercalation process 2 in which dye molecules are bound to the DNA base at dilute concentration of dye. The second type corresponds to the weak binding 1 and/or the stacking process 2 in which dye molecules are bound to the side of DNA molecules without base specificity as the concentration of dye is increased.The interaction in the intercalation process seems due to an interaction of the flat aromatic dye molecules between the base pairs of DNA as reported by many investigators.3-9 However, the exact steric location of the intercalated dye has not yet been established. dye without amino group, however, the intercalated dyes in DNA keep a similar stable condition. These facts sugggest that the location of the intercalated dye in DNA depends on the presence of amino group of dye. 10 The intercalated dye also depends on the position of substitution of the amino groups. The intercalated dye with an amino group on either the 3-or 6-position is more stable than that with an amino group on the 9-position, as inferred from the fact that the heat of interaction between proflavine and the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex is larger than that between 9-aminoacridine and the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex. 11In the previous papers, 10 • 11 it was shown that the heat of interaction between the DNA and dye with amino group differs from that between DNA and t To whom correspondence should be addressed.In this paper, in order to obtain pertinent information on the base specificity of nucleic acid in the intercalation process of the dye, the heat of mixing of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex with aminoacridine dye was measured and thermodynamic quantities of the intercalated dye in the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex 657
ABSTRACT:Thermodynamic quantities of dyes (proflavine, PF and 9-aminoacridine, 9AA) bound to the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex in the intercalation process have been evaluated from measurement of the heat of mixing. The free energy change for the duplex-PF system is smaller than that for the duplex-9AA system, indicating that the intercalation of PF into the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex is more stable than the intercalation of 9AA, as in the case of that in the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex-dye system reported previously. This conclusion was drawn from the heat of interaction between PF and poly(I) · poly(C) duplex being larger than that between 9AA and poly(I) · poly(C) duplex. In addition, the enthalpy change of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex-dye system is smaller than that of poly(A) · poly(U) duplex-dye one, suggesting that the conformational change of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex in the intercalation process is considerably larger than that of the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex.KEY WORDS Poly(I) · Poly(C) Duplex/ Proflavine / 9-Aminoacridine / UV Spectrum / Heat of Mixing / Intercalation Process / Thermodynamics of Interaction / Aminoacridine dyes are bound to DNA in two different ways, depending on the concentration of dye: The first type corresponds to strong binding 1 and/or the intercalation process 2 in which dye molecules are bound to the DNA base at dilute concentration of dye. The second type corresponds to the weak binding 1 and/or the stacking process 2 in which dye molecules are bound to the side of DNA molecules without base specificity as the concentration of dye is increased.The interaction in the intercalation process seems due to an interaction of the flat aromatic dye molecules between the base pairs of DNA as reported by many investigators.3-9 However, the exact steric location of the intercalated dye has not yet been established. dye without amino group, however, the intercalated dyes in DNA keep a similar stable condition. These facts sugggest that the location of the intercalated dye in DNA depends on the presence of amino group of dye. 10 The intercalated dye also depends on the position of substitution of the amino groups. The intercalated dye with an amino group on either the 3-or 6-position is more stable than that with an amino group on the 9-position, as inferred from the fact that the heat of interaction between proflavine and the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex is larger than that between 9-aminoacridine and the poly(A) · poly(U) duplex. 11In the previous papers, 10 • 11 it was shown that the heat of interaction between the DNA and dye with amino group differs from that between DNA and t To whom correspondence should be addressed.In this paper, in order to obtain pertinent information on the base specificity of nucleic acid in the intercalation process of the dye, the heat of mixing of the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex with aminoacridine dye was measured and thermodynamic quantities of the intercalated dye in the poly(I) · poly(C) duplex 657
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