Changes in the background losses of woody plant foliage to insects during the past 60 years: are the predictions fulfilled?

Kozlov, Mikhail V.; Zvereva, Elena L.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0480

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the absence of positive effects of climate warming on willow‐ and birch‐feeding insects in the Kola Peninsula (Kozlov et al., ; Zvereva et al., ). It is also consistent with the general absence of changes in foliar losses of temperate woody plants to insects in natural ecosystems between 1952 and 2013 (Kozlov & Zvereva, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The relative strengths of rapid and delayed density dependence acting on a terrestrial herbivore change along a pollution gradient

Hunter

Kozlov

2018

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Animal populations vary in response to a combination of density‐dependent and density‐independent forces, which interact to drive their population dynamics. Understanding how abiotic forces mediate the form and strength of density‐dependent processes remains a central goal of ecology, and is of increasing urgency in a rapidly changing world. Here, we report for the first time that industrial pollution determines the relative strength of rapid and delayed density dependence operating on an animal population. We explored the impacts of pollution and climate on the population dynamics of an eruptive leafmining moth, Phyllonorycter strigulatella, around a coal‐fired power plant near Apatity, north‐western Russia. Populations were monitored at 14 sites over 26 years. The relative strengths of rapid and delayed density dependence varied with distance from the power plant. Specifically, the strength of rapid density dependence increased while the strength of delayed density dependence decreased with increasing distance from the pollution source. Paralleling the increasing strength of rapid density dependence, we observed declines in the densities of P. strigulatella, increases in predation pressure from birds and ants, and declines in an unknown source of mortality (perhaps plant antibiosis) with increasing distance from the power plant. In contrast to the associations with pollution, associations between climate change and leafminer population densities were negligible. Our results may help to explain the outbreaks of insect herbivores that are frequently observed in polluted environments. We show that they can result from the weakening of rapid (stabilizing) density dependence relative to the effects of destabilizing delayed density dependence. Moreover, our results may explain some of the variation reported in published studies of animal populations in polluted habitats. Variable results may emerge in part because of the location of the study sites on different parts of pollution gradients. Finally, in a rapidly changing world, effects of anthropogenic pollution may be as, or more, important than are effects of climate change on the future dynamics of animal populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The relative strengths of rapid and delayed density dependence acting on a terrestrial herbivore change along a pollution gradient

Hunter

Kozlov

2018

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Invertebrate ecophysiology strongly depends on temperature, so even moderate increases in temperature have the potential to alter the duration of the life cycles (or parts of them) of invertebrate herbivores, increase their densities and activity (Asmus et al 2018), or alter their distribution ranges or those of their competitors (Hodkinson and Bird 1998;Bale et al 2002;Bolduc et al 2013). For example, higher summer temperatures can increase the intensity of herbivory (Birkemoe et al 2016), create phenological mismatches between specialist herbivores and plant species (Kharouba et al 2015) or alternatively, induce stronger phenological matches between plants and herbivores (Jepsen et al 2011;Pureswaran et al 2019), and/or alter herbivore feeding choices (Barrio et al 2016a), although these patterns are far from being general in either space or time (Kozlov and Zvereva 2015;Zvereva et al 2016;. Moreover, changes in precipitation could affect the amount of damage caused by invertebrate herbivores indirectly, through their influence on leaf traits, such as leaf toughness (based on the structural materials that make up the leaf) or leaf chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiding in the background: community-level patterns in invertebrate herbivory across the tundra biome

et al. 2019

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Invertebrate herbivores depend on external temperature for growth and metabolism. Continued warming in tundra ecosystems is proposed to result in increased invertebrate herbivory. However, empirical data about how current levels of invertebrate herbivory vary across the Arctic is limited and generally restricted to a single host plant or a small group of species, so predicting future change remains challenging. We investigated large-scale patterns of invertebrate herbivory across the tundra biome at the community level and explored how these patterns are related to long-term climatic conditions and yearof-sampling weather, habitat characteristics and aboveground biomass production. Utilizing a standardized protocol, we collected samples from 92 plots nested within 20 tundra sites during summer 2015. We estimated the community-weighted biomass lost based on the total leaf area consumed by invertebrates for the most common plant species within each plot. Overall, invertebrate herbivory was prevalent at low intensities across the tundra, with estimates averaging 0.94% and ranging between 0.02% and 5.69% of plant biomass. Our results suggest that midsummer temperature influences the intensity of invertebrate herbivory at the community level, consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming should increase plant losses to invertebrates in the tundra. However, most of the observed variation in herbivory was associated with other site level characteristics, indicating that other local ecological factors also play an important role. More details about the local drivers of invertebrate herbivory are necessary to predict the consequences for rapidly changing tundra ecosystems.

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“…This latitudinal pattern, along with data on among‐year variation in herbivory in subarctic to southern taiga forests (Kozlov, van Nieukerken, Zverev, & Zvereva, ; Kozlov, Stekolshchikov, et al., ), suggests that climate warming will result in a stronger relative increase in plant losses to insects at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes. On the other hand, climate warming may impose adverse effects on herbivory in the tropics (Kozlov & Zvereva, ). Therefore, we may expect that the effects of urbanization, in particular those associated with temperature elevation in urban areas, on insect herbivory will depend on geographical position of the city (Diamond, Dunn, Frank, Haddad, & Martin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased losses of woody plant foliage to insects in large urban areas are explained by bird predation

Kozlov

Lanta

Zverev

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Despite the increasing rate of urbanization, the consequences of this process on biotic interactions remain insufficiently studied. Our aims were to identify the general pattern of urbanization impact on background insect herbivory, to explore variations in this impact related to characteristics of both urban areas and insect-plant systems, and to uncover the factors governing urbanization impacts on insect herbivory. We compared the foliar damage inflicted on the most common trees by defoliating, leafmining and gall-forming insects in rural and urban habitats associated with 16 European cities. In two of these cities, we explored quality of birch foliage for herbivorous insects, mortality of leafmining insects due to predators and parasitoids and bird predation on artificial plasticine larvae. On average, the foliage losses to insects were 16.5% lower in urban than in rural habitats. The magnitude of the overall adverse effect of urbanization on herbivory was independent of the latitude of the locality and was similar in all 11 studied tree species, but increased with an increase in the size of the urban area: it was significant in large cities (city population 1-5 million) but not significant in medium-sized and small towns. Quality of birch foliage for herbivorous insects was slightly higher in urban habitats than in rural habitats. At the same time, leafminer mortality due to ants and birds and the bird attack intensity on dummy larvae were higher in large cities than in rural habitats, which at least partially explained the decline in insect herbivory observed in response to urbanization. Our findings underscore the importance of top-down forces in mediating impacts of urbanization on plant-feeding insects: factors favouring predators may override the positive effects of temperature elevation on insects and thus reduce plant damage.

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Changes in the background losses of woody plant foliage to insects during the past 60 years: are the predictions fulfilled?

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

The relative strengths of rapid and delayed density dependence acting on a terrestrial herbivore change along a pollution gradient

The relative strengths of rapid and delayed density dependence acting on a terrestrial herbivore change along a pollution gradient

Hiding in the background: community-level patterns in invertebrate herbivory across the tundra biome

Decreased losses of woody plant foliage to insects in large urban areas are explained by bird predation

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