Changes in the blood and plasma volume of Harris' sparrows during postnuptial molt

deGraw, William A.; Kern, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(85)90925-9

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results are similar to those of previous publications, which showed a decrease in albumin and total protein concentrations during the molt of chickens (Gildersleeve et al, 1983), passerine birds (De Graw and Kern, 1985), and tropical seabirds (Work, 1996). For Mallard, Driver (1981) demonstrated that the total protein concentration decreased significantly, reaching a minimum during molt, and then increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Influence of Molt on Plasma Protein Electrophoretic Patterns in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus)

Roman

Bomsel-Demontoy

Levrier

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Plasma protein electrophoresis is recognized as a reliable diagnostic tool in avian medicine; however, the influence of circannual phenomena such as molt on protein electrophoregrams is poorly documented. The molt is a period of heavy hormonal and metabolic change in birds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of molt on total protein concentration and electrophoresis patterns in birds. Blood samples were taken from 19 Barheaded Geese (Anser indicus) from mid-May to mid-August, at 15-day intervals. At the same time, molting stage of each bird was recorded. Total protein concentrations were measured and plasma agarose gel electrophoresis was performed on these samples. The Bar-headed Goose was chosen as a model, because they molt over a very short period. The total protein concentration and albumin, alpha-2, beta, and gamma fractions were at their minimum values during molt, whereas the prealbumin and alpha-1 fractions rose to their maximum levels. This study provides baseline information relevant to changes occurring in avian proteinograms throughout the molt. The increase in prealbumin and alpha-1 fractions may be related to an increase in plasma thyroid hormones during molt. The decrease observed in albumin, alpha-2, beta, and gamma fractions may be related to protein and energy shifts toward feather growth, as well as to an expansion of the circulatory system located around the feather follicles with secondary dilutional effects on protein fractions. From a clinical point of view, the observed changes associated with molting were less significant than initially expected, and would not likely results in incorrect diagnoses based on interpretation of the protein electrophoretic patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Results of some studies have showed that, in passerine birds, molting causes an increase in plasma volume (Chilgren and De Graw, 1977;De Graw and Kern, 1985). The changes observed in the alpha-2 or beta fractions in our birds may be related to one or more of the phenomena described above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Influence of Molt on Plasma Protein Electrophoretic Patterns in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus)

Roman

Bomsel-Demontoy

Levrier

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Other changes in body composition during molt include changes in blood constituents (Thompson and Powers 1924;Hanson 1958;Goto and Okamoto 1965;Frelin 1974;Gavrilov and Dolnik 1974;Chilgren and DeGraw 1977;Mori and George 1978;DeGraw et al 1979;Driver 1981;Rehder et al 1982;DeGraw and Kern 1985). Some ofthese changes could result from dilution when blood volume increases and production of a constituent remains stable.…”

Section: Molt and Body Conditionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Energetics and Nutrition of Molt

Murphy¹

1996

Avian Energetics and Nutritional Ecology

194

172

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“…From this perspective, the 20-30% decrease in vascular oxygen carrying capacity parameters during moulting was not surprising, particularly in view of the high oxygen extraction efficiency of little penguins (Stahel and Gales 1987) and the significant metabolic cost of maintaining a large erythrocyte population (Szarski 1983). An alternative, nonadaptive explanation for the observed Hct decrease during moulting is that it was a byproduct of an increase in plasma osmotic pressure and volume (deGraw and Kern 1985), but blood oxygen carrying capacity would have been depressed anyway. It is worth noting too that Hct and Hb, which declined significantly during moulting, are also known to decrease in birds when health, body condition and nutritional status are poor (Dubiec and Cichoń 2001;Artacho et al 2007).…”

Section: Energetic Significance Of Temporal Variation In Mass Body Cmentioning

confidence: 95%

Activity-related variation in blood parameters associated with oxygen transport and chronic stress in little penguins

Mortimer

Lill

2007

Aust. J. Zool.

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Some birds facing energy 'bottlenecks' display elevated oxidative metabolism and oxygen delivery to tissues and could be particularly susceptible to chronic stress. We examined whether there was evidence for such trends in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) over the period from breeding to the post-moulting stage and particularly during the onshore moult-fast. Penguin parents contribute equally to incubation, brooding and brood provisioning. A few weeks postbreeding, adults undergo a protracted, terrestrial moult-fast and then make brief visits to the colony during the postmoulting stage. Provisioning nestling(s) and moulting could theoretically be particularly energetically and nutritionally demanding. We determined for adults whether mass, a body condition index and blood parameters influencing vascular oxygen carrying capacity (hematocrit, Hct; whole blood haemoglobin, Hb) and indicating chronic stress (leukocyte count, WBC; heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, H/L) varied from August to May in a manner reflecting likely variation in energy and nutrient demand. Female mass and body condition index decreased significantly between the incubation and guard stages, before returning to incubation levels between the guard and post-guard nestling stages. Both parameters declined to their lowest levels between the post-guard and moult stages, before increasing to levels comparable with those during nestling care between the moult and post-moult stages. Blood parameters in both sexes exhibited temporal variation similar to that in female mass and body condition index, declining to their lowest levels during moult and increasing after the moult to levels comparable with those during breeding. Results indicated that the period of most intense provisioning of nestlings was associated with a decrease in blood oxygen carrying capacity, but no pronounced change in chronic stress indicators. However, the penguin's moult-fast involved a loss of female body condition and, in both sexes, a reduction in body mass, vascular oxygen carrying capacity and possibly specific immune competence. Thus, regulation of human disturbance in accessible little penguin colonies may be particularly important during moult.

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Changes in the blood and plasma volume of Harris' sparrows during postnuptial molt

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of Molt on Plasma Protein Electrophoretic Patterns in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus)

Influence of Molt on Plasma Protein Electrophoretic Patterns in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus)

Energetics and Nutrition of Molt

Activity-related variation in blood parameters associated with oxygen transport and chronic stress in little penguins

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