Changes in the Column Content and Vertical Distribution of NO2 According to the Results of 30-Year Measurements at the Zvenigorod Scientific Station of the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Three decades of remote sensing of NO2 vertical distribution and column content at the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics

“…First results of analysis of interannual variations and trends in NO 2 vertical distribution were reported in [8]. The new features of the analysis in this, conference, paper are as follows.…”

“…The oscillating predictors, that are the indices of the QBO, solar activity, and Nino 3.4, are presented by two indices: by actual one and by an orthogonal index obtained from the actual index by shifting forwards in time. A pair of orthogonal predictors of the same proxy allows us to describe and estimate a lagged response of a dependent variable [8].…”

Consistency of Intra-Centennial Oscillations in Length of Day and Oceanic Characteristics

“…Based on responses to the direct impact and to the impact that is orthogonal it, it is possible to estimate approximately the magnitude and phase (lag) of the total response [Gruzdev and Elokhov, 2021;Savinykh et al, 2021]. However, applying this technique to the LOD effect, we will keep in mind that the lag is estimated based on a fixed value of the period of 84 years.…”

“…The amplitude of the (lagged) total response to cyclic impact is calculated as the square root of the sum of squared responses to the direct and shifted (orthogonal to the direct one) impacts [Gruzdev and Elokhov, 2021]. We impose the conditions that the lag must not be negative and must not exceed the half-period of the variation (42 years for the LOD).…”

Cross-Wave Profiles of Altitude and Particle Size of Noctilucent Clouds in the Case of One-Dimensional Small-Scale Gravity Wave Pattern

“…The altitude measurements are based on NLC color changes as the cloud immerses into or comes out of the shadow of low atmospheric layers. The effect is defined by Rayleigh and aerosol scattering, O 3 and NO 2 absorption and can be modelled using EOS Aura/MLS data (pressure/temperature and ozone profiles, NASA GES DISC, 2022), Suomi NPP/OMPS data (aerosol, the same reference), and typical NO 2 profiles for the given date, time, and latitude (Gruzdev and Elokhov, 2021). Effect of color change can be analysed globally (whole sky hemisphere) or locally, focusing on the limited sky area if it contains bright NLC fragments.…”