Changes in the composition of the mammary secretion of women after abrupt termination of breast feeding.

Hartmann, Peter; Kulski, Jerzy K.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012173

Cited by 78 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, in studies of bovine lactation, serum albumin in milk has been used as a marker of mammary integrity (Schanbacher & Smith, 1975) and its concentration is increased during mastitis. Evidence from human studies that the albumin concentration of milk is increased at the cessation of lactation is consistent with this (Hartmann & Kulski, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Serum albumin secretion in rat milk.

Geursen

Grigor

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The concentration ofserum albumin in rat milk, rat serum, the stomach contents of suckling rats and mammary homogenates has been measured.2. Serum albumin in expressed milk ranges in concentration between 3-5 and 6 mg/ml and amounts to an average of 4-5 mg/ 100 mg total protein whereas, in the stomach contents of suckling rats, serum albumin was 3-2 mg/100 mg total protein.3. Corresponding concentrations of a second soluble milk protein, a-laetalbumin, were 2-9 mg/100 mg total protein in the milk and 1-2 mg/100 mg total protein in the stomach contents.4. Serum albumin is a major protein in mammary homogenates at 10 mg/100 mg total soluble protein and the calculated total mammary pool of albumin amounts to 110 mg/rat.5. There was a significant negative correlation between the serum albumin concentration and the ratio of potassium to sodium ions in milk samples obtained from rats milked with varying oxytocin treatments.6. No evidence for albumin mRNA could be detected when mammary total RNA was probed with a complementary DNA (cDNA) for rat albumin.7. The data are consistent with albumin being a major whey protein in the rat, it being synthesized at an extramammary site and transferred to the milk space by a paracellular mechanism from an extravascular mammary pool rather than directly from the serum.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Serum albumin secretion in rat milk.

Geursen

Grigor

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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“…These results confirm the findings of Ramadan et al (1972), except that these authors observed a decrease in the total protein content of the milk which they attributed to a reduction in the levels of casein in the milk. However., the results from their investigation may have been complicated by changes in the milk composition associated with involution of the gland (Hartmann and Kulski, 1978), as suckling was not permitted from the inflamed breast. In the present study involutionary changes were avoided because the baby was normally suckled from the inflamed breast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mammary Gland Function During the Ovulatory Menstrual Cycle and Acute Breast Inflammation in Women

Cg¹,

Hartmann²

1983

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Studies were undertaken to characterize ihe changes in the milk composition which occur 5-6 days before and 6-7 days after ovulation in lactating women. The composition of the milk at these times was compared to that from women with an acute inflammation (mastitis) in the breast to clarify the nature of the mechanism which caused the change in milk composition during the ovulatory menstrual cycle.The composition of breast milk taken from 2 women from days -8 to -3 and days 4 to 9, relative to the day of ovuiation, showed significant (p < 0-05) increases in Na and Cl and a decrease in glucose. The concentration of albumin and total protein in the milk was unchanged. In contrast, the milk composition from 3 women who developed an inflammation in the one breast during lactational amenorrhea showed significant Ip < 0 05) increases in the concentrations of Na, Cl, total protein and albumin in the milk from the affected breast as compared to the normal breast. The concentration of glucose was not significantly altered.The differences between the composition of milk during the menstrual cycle and during acute breast inflammation are exemplified by a further woman who developed an inflammation in the right breast only on day 7 after ovulation, which coincided with the posl-ovutatory change in milk composition. The concentration of albumin in the milk from the affected breast was significantly (p < 001) increased during the period of inflammation, while it remained stable in the milk from the normal breast. The other constituents showed the normal alterations associated with the lutea! phase of the cycle.While the changes in the concentralions of the ions and albumin in the milk from the affected breast are consistent with the existence of a paracellular pathway between the cells, the changes during the menstrual cycle are not. It is suggested that the milk compositional changes which occur during the cycle are caused by a decrease in the mammary uptake of glucose, with a subsequent reduction in the synthetic activity of the gland. INTRODUCTIONTwo acute changes in the milk composition were observed during the ovulatory menstrual cycle of women (Hartmann and Prosser, 1982). The first change occurred 5-6 days before ovulation and the second 6-7 days after ovulation. The alteration in milk composition was characterized by an

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“…Previous studies on human lactation have shown very little variation in the milk composition during established lactation (Macy, 1949;Hartmann & Kulski, 1978). In each of these studies the milk was sampled at weekly or monthly intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that during established lactation in women the concentrations of lactose and the ions in breast milk remain relatively stable (Macy, 1949;Hartmann & Kulski, 1978). Furthermore, the negative correlations between the concentrations of lactose and the ions in breast milk during this time suggest that these constituents are transported from the secretary cells into milk by the transcellular P. E. HARTMANN AND C. G. PROSSER pathway (Peaker, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute changes in the composition of milk during the ovulatory menstrual cycle in lactating women.

Hartmann¹,

Prosser²

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Breast milk composition was followed for a period of 28 days in five women during lactational amenorrhea and in another two who were taking oral contraceptives. The milk composition was also studied in two women during an anovulatory menstrual cycle and in six women during an ovulatory menstrual cycle. Samples of milk were collected from each breast at each feed for each day of the study.2. Two acute changes, the first 5-6 days before and the second 6-7 days after ovulation, occurred in the milk composition during the ovulatory menstrual cycle. At both times there was an increase in Na and Cl concentrations from (mean +S.E. ofmean) 4-6 + 02 mm and 11 1 + 0-2 mm to 10.1 + 0 9 mm and 22-0 + 0 9 mm respectively and a decrease in lactose and K concentrations from 7-8±0-2 g/100 ml. and 13-6 + 0-4 mmto 6-0 + 0-2 g/100 ml. and 10-2 + 0 5 mm respectively. The mean duration of the first change was 28 hr and the second was 32 hr. The concentrations of lactose, Cl, K and Na remained relatively constant during lactational amenorrhea, anovulatory menstrual cycles and for those women taking oral contraceptives.3. These observations indicate that an increase in the permeability of the mammary epithelium was elicited by changes related to ovulation. It is suggested that the first acute change in the breast milk composition may be associated with the final stages of follicle maturation and the second with the regression of the corpus luteum during the ovulatory menstrual cycle.

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Changes in the composition of the mammary secretion of women after abrupt termination of breast feeding.

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

Serum albumin secretion in rat milk.

Serum albumin secretion in rat milk.

Comparison of Mammary Gland Function During the Ovulatory Menstrual Cycle and Acute Breast Inflammation in Women

Acute changes in the composition of milk during the ovulatory menstrual cycle in lactating women.

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