Changes in the EEG as the subject learns to recall

Gale, Anthony; Davies, Isabelle; Smallbone, Adrian

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(78)90019-4

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Investigations have demonstrated reactivity of scalp-recorded theta to a variety of cognitive tasks in humans (Arellano and Schwab, 1952;Brazier and Casby, 1952;Mundy-Castle, 1957;Remond and Lesevre, 1957;Volavka et al, 1967;Ishihara and Yoshii, 1972;Gale et al, 1978;Gevins et al, 1979;Mizuki et al, 1980;Rugg and Venables, 1980;Lang et al, 1987Lang et al, , 1988Gutierrez and Corsi-Cabrera, 1988;Westphal et al, 1990). In the present study, theta from the vertex parietal region was decreased and delta was increased during behavioral activation with a verbal memory task in the nondrug conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carbamazepine and Phenytoin on EEG and Memory in Healthy Adults

Meador¹,

Loring²,

Abney³

et al. 1993

Epilepsia

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, we investigated the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) on memory and spectral EEG components in 15 healthy adults. Each subject was treated with each drug for 1 month, separated by a 1-month washout. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, at the end of each treatment month, and 1 month after the last treatment phase. EEG was collected during an eyes-closed resting condition and a verbal memory activation task. Spectral analysis of the EEG in the nondrug conditions showed that the memory task significantly reduced theta components and increased delta components. As compared with nondrug conditions, the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) significantly impaired memory performance and produced mild EEG slowing. Memory performance did not differ statistically between the AEDs, but minor differences in spectral EEG components were noted. The results suggest that differences in the cognitive and EEG effects of CBZ and PHT are not clinically significant.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carbamazepine and Phenytoin on EEG and Memory in Healthy Adults

Meador¹,

Loring²,

Abney³

et al. 1993

Epilepsia

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When other factors are held constant, EEG signals tend to have high test-retest reliability (McEvoy et al, 2000;Salinsky et al 1991). Despite this stability under normal conditions, EEG signals can be very sensitive to variations in alertness (Broughton 1982;Gevins et al 1977;Makeig and Jung 1995;Matousek and Petersen 1983;Oken and Salinsky 1992; Torsvall and Åk-erstedt 1988), and/or the amount of effortful attention exerted during task performance (Gale et al 1978;Galin et al 1978;Gevins et al 1997;Inouye et al 1988;Miyata et al 1990). Because of such characteristics, EEG measures have often been used to help characterize the central effects of alcohol (Cohen et al 1993;Davis et al 1941;Lukas et al 1986), and psychoactive medications (Bruce et al 1986;Hermann 1982;Saletu et al 1994;Schulz et al 1996;Semlitsch et al 1995).…”

Section: Many Common Pharmacological Treatments Have Effects On Cognimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Cognitive Pharmacodynamics of Psychoactive Substances with Combinations of Behavioral and Neurophysiological Measures

Gevins

Smith

McEvoy

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many common pharmacological treatments have effects on cognitive ability. Psychometric task batteries used to characterize such effects do not provide direct information about treatment-related changes in brain function. Since overt task performance reflects motivation and effort as well as ability, behavioral measures alone may overestimate or underestimate the impact of a pharmacological intervention on brain function. Here we present a method that combines behavioral and neurophysiological measures in an attemptMany medications affect performance, attention, and alertness. The most common such side effect is sedation (Ramaekers 1998). Patients complain of somnolence, drowsiness, inability to concentrate, and diminished energy. On testing they tend to demonstrate diminished speed and accuracy of psychomotor and cognitive performance (Ramaekers 1998). Psychoactive medications may also impair memory, attention, and concentration in the absence of sedative effects. There is a growing literature on the cognitive side effects of treatments for many types of disorders. For example, recent articles have described acute cognitive impairments associated with interferon-␣ treatment (Valentine et al. 1998), chemotherapy (van Dam et al. 1998, antianxiety treatments (Sumner 1998), and treatment for allergies (Fireman 1997).A major problem in determining whether and to what extent drugs produce cognitive effects is that there are no standard effective means for objectively assessing cognitive impairments associated with pharmacological treatments. This lack of a clinical standard has 26 , NO . 1 been cited as a major confounding factor in the discrepancies between the results of different clinical trials (Vermeulen and Aldenkamp 1995). In most cases performance on an ad hoc battery of rating scales and behavioral tests of cognitive and psychomotor functions is employed. Such tests likely vary widely in their sensitivity. A subtler problem with this approach is the fact that behavior is the end product of many neural systems, some of which may be recruited or adapted in some way to compensate for deficits. That is, an individual might be able to temporarily mobilize the necessary mental resources to perform a cognitive test even when mildly debilitated but not be able to maintain such extra effort over the course of a workday. Conversely, a low level of test performance may reflect motivational rather than ability factors. Hence, in isolation, behavior may not provide an accurate picture of the effects of a medication on cognitive brain function.Electroencephalogram (EEG) data can provide assessments of cognitive changes that complement the information provided by self-report and behavioral measures. When other factors are held constant, EEG signals tend to have high test-retest reliability (McEvoy et al., 2000;Salinsky et al. 1991). Despite this stability under normal conditions, EEG signals can be very sensitive to variations in alertness (Broughton 1982;Gevins et al. 1977;Makeig and Jung 1995;Matousek and Petersen 1983...

show abstract

“…So far, cognitive performance such as associative or visuomotor learning, verbal or auditory discrimination, verbal classification, and memorizing has either been related to an attenuation of the a-band (Pfurtscheller & Klimesch, 1988) or an increase of the 8-band mean power (Gale, Davies, & Smallbone, 1978;Rugg & Dickens, 1982;Lang, Lang, Uhl, Kornhuber, Deecke, & Kornhuber, 1987, 1988. It seems plausible to assume that aand 8-band reflect, at least in part, nonspecific factors such as attentional demands, task difficulty and cognitive load.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Display Medium and Luminance Contrast on Concept Formation and EEG Response

Shieh

Chen

2005

Percept Mot Skills

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reading from a visual display terminal (VDT) has increased enormously with widespread computer use. Whether such reading affects higher cognitive processes requires study so the effect of display medium (LCD screen vs paper) and luminance contrast (1:3, 1:7, 1:11) on concept-formation performance and EEG responses was investigated. 96 men and 24 women participated in two concept-formation tasks (rule learning vs attribute and rule learning). Concept-formation performance and EEG responses were similar for stimuli displayed on paper or LCD screen. The concern that the screen may be detrimental to conception-formation performance was not confirmed; however, luminance contrast significantly affected time to complete a concept-formation task and EEG response. The middle contrast (1:7) had the smallest mean EEG power, so this contrast might be appropriate for cognitive performance. Participants' performance was significantly faster and EEG power lower for the rule-learning task than for an attribute and rule-learning task.

show abstract

Changes in the EEG as the subject learns to recall

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Carbamazepine and Phenytoin on EEG and Memory in Healthy Adults

Effects of Carbamazepine and Phenytoin on EEG and Memory in Healthy Adults

Tracking the Cognitive Pharmacodynamics of Psychoactive Substances with Combinations of Behavioral and Neurophysiological Measures

Effects of Display Medium and Luminance Contrast on Concept Formation and EEG Response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About