Changes in the forms of 137Cs and its availability for plants as dependent on properties of fallout after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident

Санжарова, Н. И.; Fesenko, S.; Alexakhin, R.M.; Anisimov, V. S.; Kuznetsov, V. K.; Chernyayeva, L.G.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90609-2

Cited by 50 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These values indicate that the residence half-times vary to some extent with depth and are generally higher at the sites in the Chernobyl area. This latter effect could be due to the fact that at those sites a fraction of 137 Cs was deposited in the form of rather insoluble condensed fuel particles [11][12][13], while at the German sites this radionuclide was attached to natural aerosols and therefore more available.…”

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

137 Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

Bunzl

Jacob

Schimmack

et al. 1997

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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To predict the external gamma-dose rate of Chernobyl-derived 131Cs for a period of about 100 years after its deposition, the vertical distribution of radiocesium in several meadow soils in the Chernobyl area and in Germany was determined, and the corresponding residence half-times of his radionuclide in the various soil layers were evaluated using a compartment model. The resulting residence half-times were subsequently used to calculate the vertical distribution of 137Cs in the soil as a function of time and finally to predict the external gamma-dose rates in air for these sites at various times. A regression analysis of the data obtained showed that the time dependence of the relative gamma-dose rate in air D(t) at the Chernobyl sites can be described by an exponential equation D(t) = a + b x exp (-t/c), where t is the time after deposition. For the ten German sites the best fit was obtained using the two-exponential equation D(t) = a x exp(-t/b) + c x exp(-t/d). The gamma-dose rate of 137Cs at the Chernobyl sites decreases significantly more slowly with time than at the German sites. This means that after e.g. 30 years the mean relative gamma-dose rate at the German sites will have decreased from 100% (corresponding to an infinite plane source on a smooth surface) to 9% (95% confidence interval 8%-10%), while at the sites in the Chernobyl area it will have decreased only to 21% (20%-23%). This difference is the result of the longer residence half-times of 137Cs in the soils at the Chernobyl sites. All results are compared with estimates from earlier studies.

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Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

137 Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

Bunzl

Jacob

Schimmack

et al. 1997

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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“…Для оценки динамики трансформации форм 137 Cs и его биологической доступности для растений в 19 г. в пределах зоны 0-35 километров на различном удалении от ЧАЭС на территории северного следа аварийного выброса была заложена сеть попарно-сопряженных стационарных полигонов (всего 12) [30,31,32,33,34]: один -на почве автоморфного ряда, другой -на почве гидроморфного ряда, при выборе которых учитывались как физико-химические свойства почв, так и тип и плотность выпадений [3]. Экспериментальные полигоны были заложены на естественных суходольных, низинных и пойменных лугах с разнотравно-злаковой растительностью с преобладанием злаковых трав.…”

Section: материалы и методыunclassified

“…Его определяют по формуле; КП = (Бк/кг растения)/(кБк/м 2 почвы) Особенности перехода 137 Cs в естественно произрастающие в 30-километровой зоне Чернобыльской АЭС травы (в основном злаковые) были изучены нами после аварии на ЧАЭС в 19 -1992 гг. и проведено сравнение их с известными закономерностями миграции глобальных форм выпадения радионуклида в системе "почва-растение" [30,31,34]. При этом особое внимание было уделено двум вопросам -во-первых, оценке влияния свойств почв и характеристик выпадений на размеры накопления 137 Cs растениями, а во-вторых, динамике коэффициентов пропорциональности 137 Cs [47].…”

Section: таблицаunclassified

“…Для получения общих закономерностей, характеризующих процесс динамики накопления 137 Cs растениями на почвах автоморфного и гидроморфного ряда, а также на перегнойно-торфяных почвах, расположенных на различном удалении от ЧАЭС по ходу северного следа аварийного выброса, в 19 7-1992 гг., была использована обобщенная выборка, в которую включили данные, приведенные в работе [34].…”

Section: рис 5 зависимость между содержанием сорг и еко почвunclassified

“…В результате проведения комплекса полевых работ в 30-км зоне Чернобыльской АЭС и лабораторных исследований [30,34] по изучению поведения основных радиологически значимых радионуклидов -продуктов деления ядерного топлива» и прежде всего 137 Сs, в природных экосистемах, были получены результаты, свидетельствующие о существенном различии в миграционной способности 137 Cs глобальных выпадений и "чернобыльского".…”

Section: заключениеunclassified

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137Cs behavior in the system soil – plant in the stationary sampling sites located within the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP in the period 1987-1992: II. Vertical migration in soils and accumulation of 137Cs in natural meadow grasses

2016

International Journal of Environmental Problems

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It was shown that on the territory of 30-km area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant highlighted 2 zones, which differ in the form of depositions of radionuclides. The first, which was called the "near" zone, dominated by the fuel component; the second, named "remote" zone, dominated by the condensation component. In the "near" to the reactor zone properties of 137 Cs were largely determined by the occurrence of the radionuclide within transformed fuel particles and composite reactor's materials (primarily, graphite) besides o SAC (soil adsorbtion complex). The radiocesium incorpoprated in composition of graphite particles, during the entire period of study (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992) have been gradually leaching out of them, while remaining readily available for plant uptake. At the same time, most of 137 Cs located in SAC, due to irreversible fixation by clay minerals of the soil became inaccessible for plants. As a result, during the period of research the mobility of radiocaesium in the system "soil-plant" was higher in "near" to the reactor zone, than in "remote" with a predominance of condensation forms of the radioactive fallout: the transfer factors (TF) of 137 Cs in "near" zone, in average, turned out in 1988 to 1.6 in 1989 to 2.4 in 1990 to 3.1, and in 1992 to 4.0 times higher than in "remote" zone.In lysimetric waters collected at sites with a predominance of the fuel components of the radioactive fallout, there was marked increased 137 Cs volume activity. Nevertheless, in the soil of the area located in the "near" zone, the content of the exchange form of the radionuclide was 2.5-7 times less in comparison with other plots, located in the "remote" zone. This may be due to the

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Radioactive fallout and environmental transfers

Smith

Beresford

Chernobyl — Catastrophe and Consequences

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Changes in the forms of 137Cs and its availability for plants as dependent on properties of fallout after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

137 Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

137 Cs mobility in soils and its long-term effect on the external radiation exposure

137Cs behavior in the system soil – plant in the stationary sampling sites located within the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP in the period 1987-1992: II. Vertical migration in soils and accumulation of 137Cs in natural meadow grasses

Radioactive fallout and environmental transfers

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