Changes in the geochemical parameters of karst lakes over the past three decades – The case of Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Sironić, Andreja; Barešić, Jadranka; Horvatinčić, Nada; Brozinčević, Andrijana; Vurnek, Maja; Kapelj, Sanja

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.013

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Climate change is also an important external factor that influences not only the biodiversity but also the habitats. For freshwater ecosystem in the park, researchers compared the data of water temperature with time difference of 30 years and concluded that the water temperature rose by 1.5°C in lakes [25]. Even though climate change is a significant threat to declining freshwater population, it seems also that the great impact comes from habitat loss or degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Management of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Republic of Croatia

Vurnek¹,

Brozinčević²,

Čulinović³

et al. 2018

National Parks - Management and Conservation

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Plitvice Lakes National Park is the oldest protected area in the Republic of Croatia and the biggest by its surface. The park is designated as the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Outstanding universal value is recognized within significant natural and geological processes, habitats and biodiversity. Only 1% of the park's large surface is the main focal point for visitors and active tourism. We evaluated management of the park through Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis interpreting internal and external factors. High conservation of biodiversity, investments in different projects and high number of employees are considered as strengths. High number of visitors in small area and lack of visitor management plan, educational programs and marketing strategy are weaknesses. Threats are present through the inadequate management of drinking water supplies, lack of wastewater treatment plant and excessive construction in villages. Our opportunity definitely lies in protected nature and biodiversity. Considering very good status of the park's finances, there aren't any significant barriers for sustainable tourism approach, development of educational programs, various investments and adoption of new management plans. However, these activities must be beyond any potential political influence and they should have continuity in order for the park to be an example of quality management in the years to come.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Management of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Republic of Croatia

Vurnek¹,

Brozinčević²,

Čulinović³

et al. 2018

National Parks - Management and Conservation

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“…The main aim of the investigation of the group from the Ruder Bošković Institute was the study of secondary carbonate precipitation in the form of tufa and lake sediment (e.g., [7,31,32]), which made the Plitvice Lakes a unique natural phenomenon. The analysis of more than 30 years of records of various physico-chemical parameters presented geochemical conditions for tufa precipitation in relation to climate change [33]. Isotope methods were applied also to studies of springs and surface and lake waters of the area [7,8,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope Composition of Precipitation, Groundwater, and Surface and Lake Waters from the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Bronić

Barešić

Sironić

et al. 2020

Water

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The application of tritium, 2H, and 18O in the characterization of the precipitation, groundwater, and surface and lake water of the Plitvice Lakes (PL), Croatia, over the 1979–2019 period is presented. An increase in the mean annual air temperature of 0.06 °C/year and in the annual precipitation amount of 10 mm/year is observed. The good correlation of the tritium activity concentration in the PL and Zagreb precipitation implies that the tritium data for Zagreb are applicable for the study of the PL area. The best local meteoric water line at PL was obtained by the reduced major axis regression (RMA) and precipitation-weighted ordinary least squares regression (PWLSR) approaches: δ2HPWLSR = (7.97 ± 0.12) δ18O + (13.8 ± 1.3). The higher deuterium excess at PL (14.0 ± 2.2 ‰) than that at Zagreb reflects the higher altitude and influence of the Mediterranean precipitation. The δ2H in precipitation ranges from −132.4‰ to −22.3‰ and δ18O from −18.3 ‰ to −4.1‰. The much narrower ranges in the groundwater (<1‰ in δ18O, <10‰ in δ2H) indicate the good mixing of waters in aquifers and short mean residence times. The higher average δ2H in all three karst springs observed after 2003 can be attributed to the increase in the mean air temperature. The mean δ2H and δ18O values in the surface and lake water increase downstream due to the evaporation of surface waters. There is no significant difference between the surface water line and the lake water line (2011–2014). The stable isotope composition of the surface and lake waters reacts to extreme hydrological conditions.

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“…The uniqueness of the entire lake system is in the creation and growth of tufa barriers that separate the lake chain into individual lakes. For the Plitvice Lakes, this process is very vulnerable since it occurs within a narrow range of the physical, chemical and biological conditions (Pevalek, 1935;Kempe and Emeis, 1985;Emeis et al, 1987;Chafetz et al, 1994;Horvatinčić et al, 2000;Frančišković-Bilinski et al, 2004;Matoničkin Kepčija et al, 2006;Sironić et al, 2017). Therefore, monitoring the limnological variables and understanding the processes occurring within the lakes is of the utmost importance for preservation of this unique lake system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, physical conditions and processes within the Plitvice Lakes have been poorly investigated (Klaić et al, 2018). Few studies have reported on the observed physical properties of lakes, such as lakes temperatures, water conductivity and transparency (Gligora Udovič et al, 2017;Sironić et al, 2017). Some authors report on lake stratifications based only on occasional observations of temperature profiles (Gavazzi, 1919;Petrik, 1958Petrik, , 1961, while others investigated surface seiches (Gavazzi, 1919;Pasarić and Slaviček, 2016) and mentioned two possible events of internal seiches seen as vertical movements of the isothermal surfaces (Gavazzi, 1919).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

Klaić¹,

Babić²,

Orlić³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Abstract. In this study, the fine-scale responses of a stratified oligotrophic karstic lake (Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes, Croatia; lake fetch is 2.3 km and maximum depth is 46 m) to atmospheric forcings on the lake surface are investigated. Lake temperatures measured at a resolution of 2 min at 15 depths ranging from 0.2 to 43 m, which were observed during the 6 July–5 November 2018 period were analyzed. The results show thermocline deepening from 10 m at the beginning, to 16 m at the end of the observational period, where the latter corresponds to approximately one third of the lake depth. The pycnocline followed the same pattern, except that the deepening occurred throughout the entire period approximately 1 m above the thermocline. On average, thermocline deepening was 3–4 cm per day, while the maximum deepening (12.5 cm per day) coincided with the occurrence of internal seiches. Furthermore, the results indicate three different types of forcings on the lake surface, and two of these forcings have diurnal periodicity: (1) continuous heat fluxes and (2) occasional periodic stronger winds, while the (3) forcing corresponds to occasional nonperiodic stronger winds with along the basin-steady directions. Continuous heat fluxes (1) produced forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperature within the first 5 meters of the lake throughout the entire observational period. Noncontinuous periodic stronger winds (2) resulted in occasional forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperatures at depths from approximately 7 to 20 m. Occasional steady along-the-basin stronger winds (3) triggered both, baroclinic internal seiches with a principal period of 8.0 h, and, barotropic surface seiches with a principal period of 9 min. Lake currents produced by the surface seiches under realistic-topography conditions generated baroclinic oscillations of the thermocline region (at depths of 9–17 m) with periods corresponding to the period of surface seiches (≈ 9 min), which to our knowledge, has not been reported in previous lake studies. Finally, a simple multiple linear regression model of the near-surface temperature (0.2 m), which depends on the air temperature and wind speed, can only be used as a rough estimate of the daily mean lake temperature under weak wind and undisturbed air temperature pattern conditions.

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Changes in the geochemical parameters of karst lakes over the past three decades – The case of Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Challenges in the Management of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Republic of Croatia

Challenges in the Management of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Republic of Croatia

Isotope Composition of Precipitation, Groundwater, and Surface and Lake Waters from the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Evolution and dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in an oligotrophic lake

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