Changes in the marine biota coincident with the 1982–1983 El Niño in the northeastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean

Pearcy, William G.; Schoener, Amy

doi:10.1029/jc092ic13p14417

Cited by 101 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While extreme El Niño events rarely occurred in history, they had extraordinary impacts on the global climate (Pearcy and Schoener, 1987;Changnon, 2000;Zhan et al, 2016). Previous studies suggested that the genesis of an extreme El Niño could be attributed to the effects from nonlinear convection (Hoerling et al, 1997;Kang and Kug, 2002), biological feedback (Timmermann and Jin, 2002;Marzeion et al, 2005), tropical instability waves (Vialard et al, 2001), and the feedback form the Indian Ocean (Okumura and Deser, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the 2014–2016 El Niño events

Lian

Chen

Tang

2017

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The 2015/2016 El Niño was one of the strongest El Niño events in history, and this strong event was preceded by a weak El Niño in 2014. This study systematically analyzed the dynamical processes responsible for the genesis of these events. It was found that the weak 2014 El Niño had two warming phases, the spring-summer warming was produced by zonal advection and downwelling Kelvin waves driven by westerly wind bursts (WWBs), and the autumn-winter warming was produced by meridional advection, surface heating as well as downwelling Kelvin waves. The 2015/2016 extreme El Niño, on the other hand, was primarily a result of sustained zonal advection and downwelling Kelvin waves driven by a series of WWBs, with enhancement from the Bjerknes positive feedback. The vast difference between these two El Niño events mainly came from the different amount of WWBs in 2014 and 2015. As compared to the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 extreme El Niño events, the 2015/2016 El Niño exhibited some distinctive characteristics in its genesis and spatial pattern. We need to include the effects of WWBs to the theoretical framework of El Niño to explain these characteristics, and to improve our understanding and prediction of El Niño.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the 2014–2016 El Niño events

Lian

Chen

Tang

2017

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Strong relationships have been found among the NAO (Ottersen et al 2001, Parsons & Lear 2001, ENSO (Pearcy & Schoener 1987, Sugimoto et al 2001, PDO (Hollowed et al 2001, Royer et al 2001) and the abundance of various marine organisms. In particular, shifts in plankton abundance in relation to climate indices have been well studied in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Update on the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Calanus finmarchicus

Kimmel¹,

Hameed²

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Pearcy & Schoener 1987, Anderson & Piatt 1999. Much of the biota of the North Pacific and Bering Sea was affected by shifts in climate, including changes in abundance of zooplankton, salmon and groundfish (Hare & Mantua 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four decades of foraging history: stock-specific variation in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures of Alaskan sockeye salmon

Johnson

Schindler²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Broad-scale shifts in climate during the 20th century had large effects on the ecology of the North Pacific Ocean, including a substantial change in the composition of the dominant food web. Salmon production in Alaskan stocks increased with a concurrent shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in 1977. Salmon production has since been persistently high through 2010, yet the biological mechanisms for this increase in production remain unclear. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of sockeye salmon scales collected from 8 rivers in Bristol Bay between 1964 and 2003 were analyzed to assess whether the trophic ecology of these fish changed systematically over this period, during which there were substantial changes in oceanographic conditions. Isotope values were remarkably stable over the study despite substantial changes in salmon production and oceanographic conditions in this region. Our results also suggest river-specific patterns in the variation of stable isotopes through time; stable isotope changes were related to stock identity and showed some geographic organization. Larger salmon tended to have depleted δ 15 N and δ 13 C. Isotopic characteristics among rivers became more variable during the period of high ocean productivity (after the 1977 regime shift and before the 1989 regime shift). Some of the dominant signals of variation in stable isotope variation were related to important environmental physical processes, but they appear to have unique effects on the isotopic characteristics of stocks from different rivers, suggesting important connections between the ecology of sockeye salmon in freshwater and in the ocean. 460: 155-167, 2012 Changes in the climate regime during the mid1970s were also associated with large-scale changes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) production (Mantua et al. 1997). Climate forcing, as captured by PDO dynamics, is correlated with salmon production such that small changes in the physical environment, such as nearshore warming and offshore cooling in the ocean, translated into substantial changes in fisheries production (Mantua et al. 1997). In addition, there was geographic organization in the responses of salmon production to climate change. Pacific salmon production in Alaska increased sharply after the late 1970s but declined substantially in Canada and the Pacific Northwest (Mantua et al. 1997, Hare et al. 1999. Although several studies have modeled variation in marine food webs in response to climate change that affects salmon survival (e.g. Francis et al. 1998, Beamish et al. 1999, Aydin et al. 2005, there has been little assessment of the patterns of marine salmon foraging in relation to climatic variation over the periods encompassing the major food web reorganization associated with shifts in the PDO. Thus, the linkages between changes in climate forcing variables, oceanographic conditions and the trophic ecology of Pacific salmon remain poorly understood. OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESSMar Ecol Prog SerThe term biocomplexity has been used to describe the div...

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Changes in the marine biota coincident with the 1982–1983 El Niño in the northeastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean

Cited by 101 publications

References 21 publications

Genesis of the 2014–2016 El Niño events

Genesis of the 2014–2016 El Niño events

Update on the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Calanus finmarchicus

Four decades of foraging history: stock-specific variation in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures of Alaskan sockeye salmon

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