“…Symptoms such as nausea, breast tenderness, pelvic pain, loss of libido and fatigue have each been reported by small proportions of implant users (Brache et al, 2002). In comparative trials with non-hormonal methods, most of these symptoms have not differed between the two groups, and their incidence probably re¯ects their occurrence in the general population (Sivin, 1983;Barnhart et al, 1997;International Collaborative Post-marketing Surveillance of Norplant, 2001a,b;Meirik et al, 2001); however, a small effect of the implants cannot always be excluded (International Collaborative Post-marketing Surveillance of Norplant, 2001b). Each of these diverse symptoms typically led to discontinuation in less than 0.5% of users (Brache et al, 2002).…”