Changes in the Metabolite Profile during Micropropagation of Normal and Somaclonal Variants of Banana Musa AAA cv. Williams

Abstract

Micropropagation techniques allow the mass production of banana plants but can cause somaclonal variations such as dwarfism. Changes in the metabolite profile during micropropagation of normal (NP) and dwarf (DP) banana plants have not been described. Both, NPs and DPs of banana Musa AAA cv. Williams were micropropagated and the metabolite profile of vitroplants was assessed at the proliferation (PP), rooting (RP) and the second greenhouse-acclimatization (APII) phases of tissue culture. Metabolites from 10 DPs and 10 NPs meristems from each micropropagation phase were extracted and identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and test of statistical significance were applied to detect differentially accumulated metabolites. The PCA showed a clear grouping of DPs separated from NPs in RP and APII. Among the differentially accumulated metabolites, various precursors of apoplast components including arabinose and galactose or deoxygalactose in both PP and RP, as well as mannose and fucose in APII were under-accumulated in DPs. Results suggest affected apoplast composition during micropropagation of DPs.

Curauá fiber from plants produced by tissue culture: thermal, mechanical, and morphological characterizations

“…Another possible explanation for the low hemicellulose content is the metabolic alteration in plants during in vitro production, i.e., by tissue culture. Carrera et al 2021 observed similar behavior in banana plants produced by the same technique, where several precursors or monomers of apoplast (cell wall and middle lamella) polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectin) presented low levels (mainly galactose and arabinose). They also reported that these changes may affect cell shape as well as may contribute to the alteration of macromorphological characteristics.…”

The Effect of Mammalian Sex Hormones on Polymorphism and Genomic Instability in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…Recent studies have shown that phenotypic and genotypic variations that occur in plants during in vitro production also cause changes in the biochemistry [ 19 ] and metabolites of plants. In general, it has been argued that metabolites are more closely related to phenotypes than genes, and that metabolomics is the link between genotype and phenotypes [ 20 ]. Due to changes in the tissue culture micro-environment, plant cells are subjected to additional stress that causes genetic and epigenetic imbalances in regenerants.…”

“…These changes lead to tissue-culture-induced variations, also known as somaclonal variations, to categorically indicate the inducing environment [ 21 ]. Tissue-culture-induced variations include molecular and phenotypic changes induced in vitro due to continuous subculturing and stress derived from tissue cultures, which can induce epigenetic variations such as altered DNA methylation patterns [ 20 ]. It has been reported that DNA methylation is the most common covalent base modification found in various taxa or species [ 22 ].…”

Banana somaclonal variation assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism profiles at early cycles of in vitro culture

“…Bananas and plantains are a good source of carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins (Kodym and Zapata-Arias, 1998). The most cultivated banana is propagated asexually because of the sterility of most edible varieties due to triploidy, hence the genetic base is narrow and diversity depends on somatic mutation to confront new resistance to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens and numerous pests (Menon, 2016;Razani et al, 2019;Carrera et al, 2021;Rebouças et al, 2021). Since 2010 banana consumption has remained flat on a global basis at around 15 kg per capita per year.…”