Changes in the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles with abduction and rotation.

Otis, James C.; Jiang, Ching-Chuan; Wickiewicz, Thomas L.; Peterson, Margaret; Warren, Russell F.; Santner, Thomas J.

doi:10.2106/00004623-199405000-00007

Cited by 240 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…As other studies have shown, SSP and ISP contribute almost equally to shoulder abduction, and an SSP deficit decreases the strength of external rotation as much as an ISP deficit does [7,8,10,15]. It is difficult to say from our data that a strength deficit on the IMPT is a direct indicator for the FD; however, the IMPT can provide additional information in addition to tear size.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background The isokinetic muscle performance test (IMPT) is a validated and objective method used to evaluate muscle function but it is unknown whether it correlates with severity of rotator cuff tears. Questions/purposes We asked whether peak torque and total work deficit on the IMPT correlated with the preoperative manual muscle test (MMT), tear size, fatty degeneration (FD) of cuff, and postoperative cuff integrity in patients after rotator cuff surgery. Methods We evaluated 221 patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair; of these 86 had the IMPT and a CT arthrogram (CTA) 1 year after surgery. ResultsWe found a correlation (r = 0.125*0.464) between the preoperative IMPT and MMT. The IMPT deficit was greater in rotator cuff muscles with larger tears and greater degree of FD. Preoperative external and internal rotation deficits on the IMPT were related to the risk of cuff detachment on the postoperative CTA (r = 0.290, 0.319), and the postoperative abduction deficit was greater than 40% of the contralateral side indicating cuff detachment. Conclusions The IMPT provides objective and quantitative data for estimating the preoperative status of rotator cuff tear and can provide baseline data for postoperative anatomic assessment in patients with rotator cuff disorders. Level of Evidence Level II, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…When the moment arm is zero or close to zero, during contraction, the muscle only generates compression and, consequently, functions as a joint stabilizer. On the other hand, when the muscle action line is distant from the rotation center, it can be considered to be a primary movement motor 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rotational effect of an applied force is called torque or moment. The torque that a muscle generates on the joint is influenced by the moment arm range or the force production capacity of the joint 4,5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critérios mecânicos para progressão de exercícios de rotação interna e externa do ombro no plano sagital

Toledo

Ribeiro

Loss

2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Introduction: Knowledge of torque and force production capacity and moment arm patterns throughout the movement, and their influence on the torque produced, are essential for understanding human movement and may be of great use for controlling the overload imposed on the muscle-tendon structure. Objective: To present mechanical criteria for progression in internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) exercises of the shoulder in the sagittal plane. Method: Six individuals were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer and an electrogoniometer. From the data collected, the mean torque, mean resultant force and weighted mean moment arm were calculated using the SAD32 and Matlab ® software. Results: The angles at which the peak ER and IR torque occurred were -34° and 6º with values of 43 Nm and 69 Nm, respectively. The peaks for ER and IR muscle force were at 35º and -14º, and the values at these angles were 10227 N and 8464 N, respectively. The weighted mean moment arm for ER presented an increasing pattern over the whole range of motion (ROM) and the peak was at the end of the ROM, i.e. at -50º (0.91 cm). The weighted mean moment arm for IR was almost constant with its peak at 50º (0.96 cm). Conclusion: The mechanical criteria for progression in internal and external rotation exercises of the shoulder are torque, force and weighted mean moment arm because different overloads on the muscle-tendon structure can be caused according to their patterns over the ROM.

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“…Previous authors have measured muscle architecture (Amis et al, 1979;Bassett et al, 1990;Veeger et al, 1991Veeger et al, , 1997 and moment arms (Otis et al, 1994;Kuechle et al, 1997Kuechle et al, , 2000Hughes et al, 1998) at the shoulder. Due to parameter variability and covariance, it is advantageous to measure parameters in conjunction with one another, rather than to use parameters from different data-sets (Hoffer et al, 1989;Hoy et al, 1990;Loren et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in isometric force and moment generating capacity of glenohumeral external rotator muscles

Langenderfer

Patthanacharoenphon

Carpenter

et al. 2006

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background. Muscles which cause glenohumeral external rotation possess varying ability for generating force and moment due to differences in muscle architecture, moment arm, and the interaction of these two factors. This study's purpose was to determine a complete dataset of muscletendon parameters for predicting the moment generating capacity and force-length dependence for external rotation of infraspinatus, supraspinatus and teres minor muscles.Methods. Muscle fascicle length, sarcomere length, pennation angle, and muscle volume were measured for sub-regions of infraspinatus and supraspinatus, and teres minor from 10 glenohumeral specimens. Tendon excursion was measured for glenohumeral rotation. From these parameter measurements, optimal fascicle length, physiological cross-sectional area, muscle force-length dependence, and maximum isometric moment generating capacity were calculated.Findings. Substantial differences were found for optimal muscle length, physiologic cross-sectional area, and tendon length for the 10 specimens of this study. Muscle sub-region had a significant effect on the force-length relationship for infraspinatus (P < 0.001), but was not significant for supraspinatus (P = 0.49). For infraspinatus and supraspinatus, maximum isometric rotation moment capacity was greater at 10° versus 60° abduction (P < 0.001). Maximum isometric rotation moment capacity for the teres minor was greater at 10° versus 60° abduction (P < 0.01). Sub-regions demonstrated significant differences in isometric moment capacity (P < 0.001).Interpretation. Functional capabilities of these muscles depend on muscle architecture and moment arm as well as their combined effects. The results allow for development of stochastic and deterministic models of glenohumeral external rotation strength which can be used for prediction of muscle forces and joint moments.

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Changes in the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles with abduction and rotation.

Cited by 240 publications

References 5 publications

Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle

Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle

Critérios mecânicos para progressão de exercícios de rotação interna e externa do ombro no plano sagital

Variability in isometric force and moment generating capacity of glenohumeral external rotator muscles

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