Changes in the mycorrhizal status of Sitka spruce following outplanting

Thomas, G. W.; Rogers, Doreen; Jackson, R. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02182670

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is worth stressing that lack of mycorrhization in heathland bioassays and the field is due to a lack of inoculum, rather than to the design of our experiments or to suppression, because: (i) soils from both heathland and woodland in pine and birch bioassays were co‐cultivated with Calluna , (ii) seedlings in the pilot sporocarp addition study became mycorrhizal within 3 months and (iii) outplanting experiments such as Fleming’s (1984) conducted over shorter time periods resulted in all seedlings undergoing mycorrhization. Furthermore, the separation of fungi by their pioneer or non‐pioneer abilities agrees with some surveys of naturally occurring and outplanted Betula and conifer seedlings in conifer forests and plantations (Thomas, Rogers & Jackson 1983; Blasius & Oberwinkler 1989; Deacon & Fleming 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Waiting for fungi: the ectomycorrhizal invasion of lowland heathlands

Collier

Bidartondo

2009

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. In England, the loss of lowland heathland, a habitat of global conservation importance, is primarily due to the invasion of birch and pine. This encroachment has been researched in depth from a plant perspective but little is known about the role of mycorrhizal fungi. In lowland heathlands the resident dwarf shrubs form ericoid mycorrhizas whereas invading trees form ectomycorrhizas. Therefore, tree encroachment into heathlands can be regarded as the replacement of a resident mycorrhizal community by an invading one. 2. This study examined how fungi form mycorrhizas with Betula and Pinus in lowland heathlands. We addressed the question of whether there are mycorrhizal fungi that mediate invasion using a molecular ecology approach to compare the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of soil at three levels of invasion (uninvaded heathland, invaded heathland and woodland) and the fungi forming mycorrhizas on tree seedlings and trees across diverse sites. 3. We show that in lowland heathlands: (i) seedlings have severely limited access to ectomycorrhizal fungi relative to woodlands, (ii) there are few keystone spore-dispersed ectomycorrhizal fungi that can mediate tree invasion, (iii) tree seedlings can remain non-mycorrhizal for at least one year when no inoculum is present, even near saplings, and (iv) mycorrhizal seedlings achieve greater biomass than non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Within uninvaded heathland we detected only Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus variegatus, S. bovinus (Pinus symbionts) and Laccaria proxima (primarily a Betula symbiont). 4. Synthesis. Overall, ectomycorrhizal inoculum in lowland heathlands is rare; most tree seedlings growing in heathland soil are not mycorrhizal due to limited spore dispersal, poorly developed spore banks and weak common mycorrhizal networks. These seedlings can persist awaiting mycorrhization to boost their growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Waiting for fungi: the ectomycorrhizal invasion of lowland heathlands

Collier

Bidartondo

2009

Journal of Ecology

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“…E-strain morphotypes are predominantly formed by fungi in the genus Wilcoxina (Egger 1996), but other taxa have been hypothesized to form this type of mycorrhiza (Danielson 1982;Ingleby et al 1990), including post-fire ascomycetes belonging to the order Pezizales (Egger and Paden 1986). Some E-strain fungi (e.g., Wilcoxina mikolae (Yang & Wilcox) Yang & Korf) possess thick-walled chlamydospores that may enhance survival in soil after disturbance (Thomas et al 1983). The species that comprise MRA are uncertain, but candidates include several ascomycete groups.…”

Section: Ecm Morphotype Occurrence and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of broadcast burning after clear-cutting on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with hybrid spruce seedlings in central British Columbia

Mah¹,

Tackaberry²,

Egger³

et al. 2001

Can. J. For. Res.

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Morphological and molecular (polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism) methods were used to assess ectomycorrhiza (ECM) diversity in naturally regenerating and planted Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss seedlings in two recently clear-cut sites, two clear-cut and broadcast burned sites, and two mature forests (>100 years) in central British Columbia. Based on 24 characterized ECM, burning did not affect overall diversity (Shannon, Simpson, Shannon evenness, and Margalef indices). However, the occurrence and relative abundance of some ECM morphotypes varied significantly. Hebeloma and a Russulaceae type 1 were more abundant and Cenococcum was less abundant in planted seedlings from cut-burned sites compared with those from clear-cut sites. E-strain, MRA, and Amphinema were more abundant in planted seedlings from both cut-burned and clear-cut sites compared with naturally regenerating seedlings from mature sites. ECM diversity of regenerating seedlings was significantly greater in mature forests compared with clear-cut sites and was greater in planted seedlings than naturally regenerating seedlings in clear-cut sites. Molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNA gene repeat showed no significant differences among treatments or seedling type. Twenty-two genotypes were identified from eight common morphotypes: Cenococcum (one), Thelephora (two), E-strain, Tuber, Hebeloma, and Russulaceae type 1 (three each), MRA (four), and Amphinema (six). Hebeloma genotypes matched three for Amphinema; genotypes from unidentified lightly colonized tips matched those for E-strain, MRA, and Amphinema-Hebeloma.

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“…Les résultats (Voiry, 1980) Pour les autres espèces, pourtant identifiées avec certitude comme mycorhiziennes des Chênes et du Hêtre par les observations de terrain, l'échec peut être dû à des conditions expérimentales mal adaptées ou à une spécificité vis-à-vis des peuplements adultes, dans lesquels tous les isolements ont été effectués . Des travaux récents (Thomas et al ., 1982 ;Deacon, 1982 ;Mason et Deux terres ont été utilisées, provenant de l'horizon A I de deux sols développés sur limon sous forêt feuillue mélangée à dominance de Hêtres et de Chênes :…”

Section: Essais De Synthèseunclassified

Compétitivité des champignons ectomycorhiziens. Premiers résultats et application à la sélection de souches pour la mycorhization contrôlée du Hêtre et du Chêne rouvre dans le Nord-Est de la France

Garbaye¹

1984

Rev. For. Fr.

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Premiers résultats et application à la sélection de souches pour la mycorhization contrôlée du Hêtre et du Chêne rouvre dans le Nord-Est de la France J. GARBAYE La plantation est de plus en plus utilisée en alternative à la régénération naturelle dans les chênaies et hêtraies françaises. Comme ces deux essences sont très dépendantes de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne pour leur croissance, il est important d'étudier toutes les possibilités d'orienter la mycorhization des plantations dans le sens le plus favorable à la reprise et au développement des plants. C'est pourquoi le Centre de Recherches forestières de Nancy (I .N .R .A .) étudie depuis 1979 l'écologie de la mycorhization chez le Chêne et le Hêtre dans le Nord-Est, l'inoculation des plants en pépinière, le comportement des différents types de mycorhizes après plantation et l'efficacité de différentes souches (

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Changes in the mycorrhizal status of Sitka spruce following outplanting

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Waiting for fungi: the ectomycorrhizal invasion of lowland heathlands

Waiting for fungi: the ectomycorrhizal invasion of lowland heathlands

The impacts of broadcast burning after clear-cutting on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with hybrid spruce seedlings in central British Columbia

Compétitivité des champignons ectomycorhiziens. Premiers résultats et application à la sélection de souches pour la mycorhization contrôlée du Hêtre et du Chêne rouvre dans le Nord-Est de la France

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