Changes in the Organs of Pigs in Response to Feeding for the First 24 h after Birth

Widdowson, E. M.; Crabb, D.E.

doi:10.1159/000240827

Cited by 63 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 Fasted values represent a pooled mean of (n = 12, study 1) or (n = 18, study 2) of the treatment groups. 2 The n values for the mature milk, colostrum, and formula-fed groups represent the difference between the blood glucose and amino acid concentration measured after 12 h of feeding and the fasted baseline. ab c Treatment means within a row with different superscript differ p < 0.05 as determined by t test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative rates of tissue and organ growth during the early neonatal period are more rapid than at any stage of postnatal development (1)(2)(3). Studies in which newborn animals have been fed various combinations of formula, mature milk, or colostrum suggest that some component of colostrum stimulates tissue growth, particularly the gastrointestinal tract and liver (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutrient-Independent and Nutrient-Dependent Factors Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Colostrum-Fed Newborn Pigs

et al. 1995

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-Independent and Nutrient-Dependent Factors Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Colostrum-Fed Newborn Pigs

et al. 1995

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“…However, within the first four postnatal weeks the weight of the piglet increases more than fivefold, with the GIT organs growing faster than many other organs of the body (Table 1; Zabielski et al, 2008). In this regard, Widdowson and Crabb (1976) first showed the dramatic rate and extent of changes to body weight and GIT weight, size, and DNA content that occur in naturally suckled, newborn piglets during the first day of postnatal life (compared to counterparts only offered water; Fig. 2).…”

Section: General Growth and Development Of The Gitmentioning

confidence: 94%

Invited review: Aspects of gastrointestinal tract growth and maturation in the pre- and postweaning period of pigs

Pluske

2016

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:The growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the young pig, both before and after parturition, is critical for the animal's future growth and development, efficiency of feed conversion to body depots, and, ultimately, its survival. The perinatal development of the GIT encompasses a prenatal phase, a neonatal phase, and the postweaning phase, which is associated with the adaptation of the GIT to utilize solid feed after the piglet is weaned. The consumption of colostrum, initially, and then milk after birth provides nutrients and compounds for piglets that are critically important as stimuli and substrates to the GIT that in turn evoke a suite of anatomical, immunological, biochemical, physiological, and regulatory processes that advance the overall maturity of the GIT. However, at weaning the combined influence of the various stressors imposed causes a hiatus in the growth and development of the GIT, such that the newly weaned pig endures a "growth check" while exposing it to a greater disease and health risk. Low and variable feed intake is a major outcome of the weaning process, but nevertheless, there are numerous nutritional/management interventions producers can implement in an attempt to overcome this major issue. This review summarizes some major aspects of, and influences on, GIT growth, development, and maturation in the pre-and postweaning period of pigs, demonstrating that postnatal influences occur in utero and that evolution of the GIT continues to occur after weaning.

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“…In the first days after birth, growth of the intestine in calves is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors, for example, the colostrum intake (Widdowson et al, 1976;Reinhart et al, 1992;Odle et al, 1996). Active factors in colostrum, such as IGF-1, could combine with tyrosine receptor in mucosal cells, and then promote intestinal development (Park et al, 1999).…”

Section: Intestinal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostrum quality affects immune system establishment and intestinal development of neonatal calves

Yang¹,

Zou²,

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The first meal of a neonatal calf after birth is crucial for survival and health. The present experiment was performed to assess the effects of colostrum quality on IgG passive transfer, immune and antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology and histology in neonatal calves. Twenty-eight Holstein neonatal male calves were used in the current study, 24 of which were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: those that received colostrum (GrC), transitional milk (GrT, which was obtained after the first milking on 2-3 d after calving), and bulk tank milk (GrB) only at birth. The 4 extra neonatal calves who were not fed any milk were assigned to the control group and were killed immediately after birth to be a negative control to small intestinal morphology and histology detection. Calves in GrC gained more body weight than in GrT, whereas GrB calves lost 0.4 kg compared with the birth weight. Serum total protein, IgG, and superoxide dismutase concentrations were highest in GrC, GrT was intermediate, whereas GrB was the lowest on d 2, 3, and 7. Apparent efficiency of absorption at 48 h, serum complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) on d 2, 3, and 7 in GrB was low compared with GrC and GrT. On the contrary, malondialdehyde on d 7 increased in GrB. Calves in GrC had better villus length and width, crypt depth, villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value, and mucosal thickness in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas GrT calves had lower villus length and width, crypt depth, and mucosal thickness than those fed colostrum. Villi of calves in GrB were nonuniform, sparse, severely atrophied, and apically abscised, and Peyer's patches and hydroncus were detected. Overall, colostrum is the best source for calves in IgG absorption, antioxidant activities, and serum growth metabolites, and promoting intestinal development. The higher quality of colostrum calves ingested, the faster immune defense mechanism and the more healthy intestinal circumstances they established.

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Changes in the Organs of Pigs in Response to Feeding for the First 24 h after Birth

Cited by 63 publications

References 14 publications

Nutrient-Independent and Nutrient-Dependent Factors Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Colostrum-Fed Newborn Pigs

Nutrient-Independent and Nutrient-Dependent Factors Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Colostrum-Fed Newborn Pigs

Invited review: Aspects of gastrointestinal tract growth and maturation in the pre- and postweaning period of pigs

Colostrum quality affects immune system establishment and intestinal development of neonatal calves

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