Changes in the Prevalence of Visual Impairment Due to Blinding Trachoma in Sichuan Province, China: A Comparative Study Between 1987 and 2006

Chen, Hui; Wu, Xuesong; Wei, Min; Eichner, June E.; Fan, Ying-chuan; Zhang, Zuoming; Lei, Chuntao; Stone, Donald U.; Yang, Jingyun

doi:10.3109/09286586.2011.615451

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…There are examples of recently industrialized regions that suggest that improvements in development and health programs have had a significant impact on trachoma. One such example [98] is Sichuan Province, China, which began trachoma control in the 1960s, when 55% of China's urban population and up to 90% of its rural population had trachoma. Chen et al [98] compared the 1987 and 2006 National Sample Survey on Disabilities, in which 125,000 people participated in Sichuan.…”

Section: Face Washing and Environmental Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such example [98] is Sichuan Province, China, which began trachoma control in the 1960s, when 55% of China's urban population and up to 90% of its rural population had trachoma. Chen et al [98] compared the 1987 and 2006 National Sample Survey on Disabilities, in which 125,000 people participated in Sichuan. In 1987, blinding trachoma was the second leading cause of the 8 visual impairments surveyed, found in 172.9 people per 100,000 population.…”

Section: Face Washing and Environmental Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Will the SAFE Strategy Be Sufficient to Eliminate Trachoma by 2020? Puzzlements and Possible Solutions

Lavett

Lansingh

Carter

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Since the inception of (the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma) GET 2020 in 1997 and the implementation of the SAFE strategy a year later, much progress has been made toward lowering the prevalence of trachoma worldwide with elimination of the disease in some countries. However, high recurrence of trichiasis after surgery, difficulty in controlling the reemergence of infection after mass distribution of azithromycin in some communities, the incomplete understanding of environment in relation to the disease, and the difficulty in establishing the prevalence of the disease in low endemic areas are some of the issues still facing completion of the GET 2020 goals. In this narrative review, literature was searched from 1998 to January 2013 in PubMed for original studies and reviews. Reasons for these ongoing problems are discussed, and several suggestions are made as avenues for exploration in relation to improving the SAFE strategy with emphasis on improving surgical quality and management of the mass treatment with antibiotics. In addition, more research needs to be done to better understand the approach to improve sanitation, hygiene, and environment. The main conclusion of this review is that scale-up is needed for all SAFE components, and more research should be generated from communities outside of Africa and Asia.

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Section: Face Washing and Environmental Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Face Washing and Environmental Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will the SAFE Strategy Be Sufficient to Eliminate Trachoma by 2020? Puzzlements and Possible Solutions

Lavett

Lansingh

Carter

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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“…National programs for the prevention of trachoma, improved socioeconomic development, and advanced basic sanitation meant that the prevalence of trachoma declined rapidly. As of 2006, the results of the National Sample Survey on Disabilities in China revealed that blinding trachoma had moved to a lower rank on the list of the causes of blindness [4, 5]. However, the elimination of trachoma in any area of China has not been reported, and we suspect that trachoma remains endemic in some areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey of Trachoma among Migrant School Aged Children in Shanghai, China

Xue

Zhu

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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We investigated the prevalence of clinical trachoma in 154,265 children aged 6 to 16 years in 206 Shanghai migrant schools. Clean water availability in school, each child's facial cleanliness, eyelids, corneas, and the presenting distance visual acuities were examined. Trachoma was clinically diagnosed in accordance with the World Health Organization simplified classification. Eyes diagnosed with trachoma were swabbed to test for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infections (OCTI) with a rapid latex immunochromatographic test. Among 153,977 students, no blindness was found related to trachoma. Trachoma was diagnosed in 8029 children (5.2%). In 87 schools clinical trachoma prevalence was higher than 5%. OCTI was confirmed in 2073 of 6823 trachoma diagnosed children (30.4%). Clinical trachoma prevalence was higher among females than males (p < 0.001), but gender comparison showed no statistical difference in the prevalence of OCTI (p = 0.077). Age and clinical trachoma (r = −0.014; p < 0.001) or OCTI (r = −0.026; p = 0.031) prevalence were negatively correlated. Clinical trachoma was different in different districts and counties (p < 0.001). Trachoma warrants close attention in Shanghai migrant children because the condition remains endemic in some schools.

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“…In the period 1990–2000, adult literacy rates increased dramatically in people aged 15 and over, and presently the enrollment rate among school-age children is > 90%. These educational efforts showed that trachoma was the eighth cause of visual impairment with 58 cases per 100,000 in 2006, all among individuals over 40 [80, 81]. The direct influence of schooling on trachoma prevalence rates was also reported from Bauru-São Paulo Brazil in 2006 [82] and from Nigeria in 2010 [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Limits of Medical Interventions for the Elimination of Preventable Blindness

Goldschmidt

Einterz²

2014

Trop.Med.Health

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Background: Health authorities are working toward the global elimination of trachoma by the year 2020 with actions focused on the World Health Organization SAFE strategy (surgery of trichiasis, antibiotics, face washing and environmental changes) with emphasis on hygienist approaches for education.Objectives: The present survey was performed to assess the sustainability of the SAFE strategy 3 years after trachoma was eliminated from 6 villages.Methods: In February 2013 a rapid trachoma assessment was conducted in 6 villages of Kolofata’s district, Extreme north Region, Cameroon, where trachoma was eliminated in 2010. A total of 300 children (1–10 years) from 6 villages were examined by trained staff.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma (children aged > 1 and < 10 years) in 2013 was 15% and in at least 25% was observed absence of face washing and flies in their eyes and nose. Income level, quality of roads, hygiene, and illiteracy were similar in all the villages; they did not change between 2010 and 2013 and could not be analyzed as independent risk factors.Discussion: The heterogeneity of methods described for clinical trials makes it inappropriate to conduct meta-analysis for the present and for other SAFE-related trials. The results obtained after implementation the SAFE strategy (recurrence) reveal that the causes (infectious agents and dirtiness) and effects (illness) were not connected by illiterate people living under conditions of extreme poverty. So far, antibiotics, surgery and hygiene education are insufficient for the sustainability of trachoma elimination and highlight that hypothetic-deductive processes seem not operational after implementing the awareness campaigns. Trachoma recurrence detected in 2013 in sedentary populations of Kolofata receiving efficacious treatments against Chlamydia sp. suggest that the elimination goals will be delayed if strategies are limited to medical actions. Restricting efforts to repeated pharmacological and surgical interventions for people infected with susceptible bacteria could be understood as the hidden side of a passive attitude toward basic education actions.

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Changes in the Prevalence of Visual Impairment Due to Blinding Trachoma in Sichuan Province, China: A Comparative Study Between 1987 and 2006

Abstract: In the past 20 years, the prevalence and percentage of visual impairment due to blinding trachoma was significantly reduced in Sichuan province, and we anticipate a further decrease in the future.

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Will the SAFE Strategy Be Sufficient to Eliminate Trachoma by 2020? Puzzlements and Possible Solutions

Will the SAFE Strategy Be Sufficient to Eliminate Trachoma by 2020? Puzzlements and Possible Solutions

A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey of Trachoma among Migrant School Aged Children in Shanghai, China

The Limits of Medical Interventions for the Elimination of Preventable Blindness

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