Changes in the profiling of bioactive components with the roasting process in Lycium chinense leaves and the anti‐obesity effect of its bioaccessible fractions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the profiles of bioactive components in roasted Lycium chinense leaves (LCLs) and its in vitro anti-obesity activity after digestion processes. RESULTS: Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside, kaempferol-3-sophoroside, and kaempferol-3-glucoside were discovered as bioactive components in various ratios of ethanol (EtOH) extract in LCLs by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). The roasting process followed by a 30%EtOH extraction tended to decrease the content of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-glucoside, and enhanced the content of kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside. It effectively inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 62.50 ± 4.81%, which was approximately 1.71 percentage points higher than that of the dried-nonroasted LCL extract (60.79 ± 3.75%). Its bioaccessible fraction obtained from in vitro digestion significantly and dose dependently reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by adipocyte 3T3-L1 compared with a 30% EtOH extraction. At a concentration of 200 g mL −1 , it inhibited lipid accumulation up to 29.55% in 3T3-L1 cells, which indicated that human digestive enzymes converted kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside to kaempferol metabolites that have anti-obesity effects.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the profiling of bioactive components by processing methods and a bioaccessible fraction could be crucial to improve the bioactivity of LCLs, and potentially be a natural anti-obesity ingredient after oral intake.

Phytochemicals and bioactivities of Goji (Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill.) leaves and their potential applications in the food industry: a review

“…Obesity can lead to an increase in body fat, especially with abdominal obesity that progresses to cytokine inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue (Liu et al, 2021). Choi et al (2019) found a significant increase in glycosylated kaempferol in LCL after the roasting process with 30% EtOH as extractant. The roasted LCL contained abundant bioactive components, including kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside, kaempferol-3sophoroside and kaempferol-3-glucoside, which converted into the potential natural regulators of adipogenesis-related factors in adipocytes, such as kaempferol and kaempferol-7-glucoside after digestion by human digestive enzymes.…”

“…Interestingly, the chlorogenic acid content of LCL was elevated after infection by gall mite indicating a higher pharmaceutical or nutraceutical value of the galled leaves (Chen et al ., 2020). Moreover, the chlorogenic acid content of LCL was significantly affected by roasting which could appear only when using the particular aqueous ethanol (50%) as the extraction solvent (Choi et al ., 2019).…”

Lycium chinense Polysaccharide Suppressed Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia in Adipocytes through Regulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolism

“…In Western countries, goji berries can be considered a food since they are added to make baked goods and mix in cereal and yogurt. It has been reported that the fruit, root bark, and leaves − of goji contain functional components. The polysaccharides isolated from the aqueous extracts of goji fruit have been identified as one of the major active ingredients responsible for multiple bioactivities.…”