Changes in the Salivary Metabolic Profile of Generalized Periodontitis Patients after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. A Metabolomic Analysis Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Pattern analysis of salivary metabolic profile has been proven accurate to discriminate generalized periodontitis (GP) patients from healthy individuals (HI) as disease modifies the salivary concentrations of specific metabolites. Due to the scarcity of data in the literature, the aim of this study was to determine whether non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST) could change salivary metabolomic profile in GP to one more similar to HI. Unstimulated whole saliva of 11 HI and 12 GP patients were obtained prior to and 3 months after NST. Metabolic profiling was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by supervised multivariate statistical approach on entire saliva spectra and partial least square (PLS) discriminant analysis. In GP group, periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters, but not all the diseased sites were eradicated. PLS revealed an accuracy of 100% in discriminating the metabolomic profile of each GP patient before and after NST. OPLS was able to discriminate the 3 groups of subjects with an accuracy of 85.6%. However the post-NST metabolic profile of GP patients could not be completely assimilated to that of HS. Although NST may produce significant changes in the metabolic profile, GP patients maintained a distinctive fingerprint compared to HI.

Metabolomics in Periodontal Disease - A Mini Review

“…15 Citterio et al found in their study that metabolic profiling can be used for evaluating stages of treatment and can distinguish between previous and active periodontitis. 16 Shi M et al in their study found that more than 70 genera had a relation with at least with one clinical index of the periodontitis. 14 Gowron K et al in their study found that bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis has greater metabolic activity which can be diagnosed by changes in lactate, isopropanol, acetone, methanol and glycerol when compared to normal flora of the oral cavity.…”

Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Insight Into Oral Biofilms in Periodontitis and Related Systemic Diseases

“…The salivary metabolomic profile of patients with generalized periodontitis was markedly altered by non-surgical periodontal therapy. Interestingly, many important metabolites returned to normal levels following treatment ( Citterio et al, 2020 ). Interestingly, a recent multiomics study showed that the levels of hosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl-phosphatidylcholines, ceramides, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were increased in the dental plaques from patients with periodontal diseases compared to the healthy controls ( Overmyer et al, 2021 ).…”