Changes in the Segregation of Whites from Blacks During the 1980s: Small Steps Toward a More Integrated Society

Intraracial Diversity and Relations among African‐Americans: Closeness among Black Students at a Predominantly White University

“…First, the growth of the black middle and upper-middle classes has resulted in an increased bifurcation of blacks by class status (Wilson 1978;Smith and Welch 1989;Jaynes and Williams 1989). Second, consistent with the first trend described above, the proportion of black Americans who have had interracial contact prior to adulthood has grown due to the increase in the number living in and attending racially integrated or predominantly white neighborhoods and schools (Massey and Denton 1988;Farley and Frey 1994;Frey and Farley 1996;Sigelman et al 1996). Third, the population of foreignborn blacks has grown, as have populations of biracial and multiracial people with African ancestry (Farley and Allen 1987;Kasinitz 1992;Root 1992Root , 1996bOuttz 1994; U.S. Bureau of the Census 1996; Waters 1996).…”

Violent Crime, Mobility Decisions, and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Transition

“…We have proposed here that at least some of this relationship may occur because crime actually increases the percentage of minorities in a neighborhood. This hypothesis was based on the voluminous segregation literature and the evidence of discriminatory behavior towards racial/ethnic minorities regarding access to some neighborhoods (Farley and Frey 1994;Denton 1987, 1993;Van Valey, Roof, and Wilcox 1977). Our use of a unique data set allowed us to focus on housing units within tracts to assess the extent to which there is disproportionate mobility in and out of tracts based on the race/ethnicity of residents.…”

The spatial dynamics of stratification: Metropolitan context, population redistribution, and black and Hispanic homeownership

“…There is evidence that new construction may help foster minority homeownership in particular, by stimulating a "fi ltering down" of housing stock; as upper-income groups move into new units, they create opportunities for previously excluded groups. Discriminatory treatment may also be lower in newer than moreestablished areas (Farley and Frey 1994;Logan, Stults, and Farley 2004;White, Fong, and Cai 2002) because they are less likely to have a well-defi ned ethnic identity that encourages racial steering and other segregation-enhancing practices.…”