Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in German Primary Care Prior to (2006) and After (2010, 2014) Launch of New Drugs

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with an estimated worldwide prevalence of around 8.3%. 1 There are around 60 million people with diabetes in Europe (10.3% of men and 9.6% of women aged 25 years and over). 2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is present in 90% of diabetic patients. 3 T2DM has a serious impact on health and the economy in Europe. This disease is known to be associated with several other disorders, such as retinopathy, 4 nephropathy, 5 neuropathy, 6 atherosclerosis, 7 cardiovascular disease, 8 stroke, 9 and cerebrovascular disease. 10 Recently, a meta-analysis of 35 studies conducted by Nwaneri and colleagues has shown that T2DM and its complications, in particular stroke, cause a 2-fold increase in mortality rates. 11 Numerous drugs are available for the treatment of patients with T2DM. Metformin and sulfonylureas have been used for decades, either as monotherapies or as part of combination therapies. 12-14 Since the mid-2000s, several new drugs presenting fewer side effects than metformin and sulfonylureas have emerged for T2DM treatment: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Their 607860D STXXX10.

Prescription Patterns and the Cost of Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Germany

“…2 With the exception of sulfonylureas, the other antidiabetic medications are much more costly than metformin and sulfonylurea. Thus, it is logical that in the present study, therapy with newer antidiabetic drugs (ie, DPP-4 inhibitors, glinides or GLP-1 agonists) is associated with higher yearly medication costs among those suffering from diabetes.…”

“…1,2 It is estimated that 1 in every 13 persons in Germany has diabetes. 3 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is found in 90% of individuals with diabetes.…”

Risk of Nonfatal Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Comparison Between Disease Management Programs and Standard Care

“…For example, prescription structure, members of the respective health insurance funds, and age distribution of patients from the panel are very similar to various official statistics. 9 In the past, Disease Analyzer data have been used for numerous scientific studies, including studies on diabetes [10][11][12][13][14] and the study of DMPs. 8,15,16 …”

Single sample and serial measurements of osteoprotegerin level as a target of therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

“…Development and progression of T2DM closely associate with microvascular and macrovascular complications negatively affected all cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality rates [2,3]. However, contemporary treatment approaches based on improved glycemic control have been exhibited an ability to contribute in decreased CV complications related to T2DM, whereas utilization of modern strategy is higher cost and appears to be economic challenge to the health care system [4][5][6]. In this context, several circulating biomarkers represented differential metabolic profiles, related to vascular complications and predicted CV events may be clinically helpful for risk stratification and individualized treatment for T2DM patients [7,8].…”