Changes in use of time across retirement: A longitudinal study

Sprod, Judy; Olds, Tim; Brown, Wendy J.; Burton, Nicola W.; Uffelen, Jannique van; Ferrar, Katia; Maher, Carol

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.018

Cited by 40 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although reinforcing the findings of increased sleep duration and decreases in waking up too early in the morning, nonrestorative sleep, and daytime tiredness from the previous studies [1-3, 5, 6], the results from this study indicate that the changes in various sleep characteristics begin to occur immediately or shortly after retirement. Indications of these quick changes in the case of sleep duration were already described by an Australian study, which examined time use across retirement transition and observed that 3 months postretirement approximately 30 min more time per day was used for sleeping than before retirement [27]. Furthermore, the estimates of increased sleep duration from the previous studies with longer measurement intervals [1,2] are very close to the 19-min increase observed in this study with a dense measurement interval around retirement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Does removal of work stress explain improved sleep following retirement? The Finnish Retirement and Aging study

Myllyntausta

Salo

Kronholm

et al. 2019

Sleep

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Study Objectives Relief from work stress has been hypothesized to explain improvements in sleep duration and quality following retirement, but this has not been confirmed with longitudinal studies. By using repeat sleep data, we examined the role of removal of work-related stressors in changes in sleep at retirement. Methods The study population consisted of 2,053 participants from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Participants’ sleep duration, sleep difficulties (difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, waking up too early in the morning, nonrestorative sleep), daytime tiredness, and sleep loss due to worry were assessed using surveys conducted once a year before and after retirement (average number of repeat surveys 3.5 [range 2–5] per participant). We used Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between work-related stressors (job strain, low work time control, effort–reward imbalance, and organizational injustice) and changes in sleep at retirement. Results An increase in sleep duration and decrease in waking up too early in the morning, nonrestorative sleep, daytime tiredness, and sleep loss due to worry were observed shortly after retirement. No systematic associations across the work-related stressors and changes in sleep characteristics were observed. Higher number of work-related stressors before retirement was not associated with a greater magnitude of favorable changes in any of the postretirement sleep characteristics investigated. Conclusions This longitudinal study suggests that perceived sleep improves shortly after retirement and that these changes are mainly driven by factors other than relief from work stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Does removal of work stress explain improved sleep following retirement? The Finnish Retirement and Aging study

Myllyntausta

Salo

Kronholm

et al. 2019

Sleep

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“…Other research has also reported increases in computer use/screen time and TV after retirement [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In our study, prolonged sitting for TV-viewing increased from 11.8% to 16.5% in men and from 10.2% to 13.2% among women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Temporal trends in sitting time by domain in a cohort of mid-age Australian men and women

et al. 2018

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There are few prospective data on temporal trends in overall sitting time for different domains of sitting. This study examined time trends over 6 years in total and domain-specific sitting time in mid-age Australian men and women. Self-report data from 5246 participants in four survey waves (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013) of the HABITAT study in Brisbane, Australia, were analysed. Overall trends in 'high' total sitting time (>8 h/day sitting) and five domains were examined: a) >5 h/day for TV; b) >2 h/day for travel; c) >2 h/day for home computer use; d) >2 h/day for leisure; and e) >6 h/day for work. Sitting to watch TV and sitting at work accounted for more than half of total sitting time. The proportions who reported high sitting for computer use at home increased from 25% in 2007 to 37% in 2013 in men and from 19% to 29% over the same period in women. High TV sitting time was reported by 11.8% of men and 10.2% of women. These estimates increased to 16.5% and 13.2% respectively over the six years. In conclusion, although overall total sitting time remained fairly stable, there were significant increases in sitting time in some domains (home computer use and TV viewing) and in some sub-groups (such as women, and the employed). These increases were countered by declines in work-related sitting due to retirement.

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“…The sex differences in time allocation regarding home-based activities are in line with previous research by Adjei and Brand that was conducted in Germany [9], as well as Sprod et al that was conducted in Australia [11,29], who also found that women spend more time on housework but less on gardening than men. Gauthier and Smeeding [12] reported the same ndings for overall home-based activities in nine different countries, but, contrasting our results, saw a decrease with age in women devoting time to housework and an age-related increase in men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…While our ndings suggest that active transport is the domain older adults devote the least amount of time on, several other studies reported leisure PA to be the domain the least time is spent on [11,12,29,30]. Sprod and colleagues [11,29] also made a distinction between active and inactive travel and reported almost three times more minutes per day being spent on it than our study. These differences could be a result of us only using everyday destinations, whereas Sprod et al included every destination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Time allocation to active daily domains, physical activity, and health indicators in older adults: Cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study.

Stalling

Albrecht

Doerwald

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the key determinants of healthy ageing. Research showed that time allocation plays an important role in PA. Therefore, an understanding of the time use of older adults is crucial for developing PA programs. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of time allocation and objectively measured PA, and several health indicators in older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study all 915 participants of the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study were included. The participants were 65 to 75 years old and resided in a subdistrict of Bremen, Germany (50.9% female). The active daily domains were derived from the SLOTH model (leisure activities, occupation, active transport, home-based activities). PA was objectively measured with accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Binary logistic regressions were used to test the associations of total PA and time spent in the domains with several health indicators (self-rated health, overweight, obesity, activities of daily living (ADL), handgrip strength). Results Participants over the age of 70 years were significantly less physically active than those under 70 years and women were significantly more physically active than men. Regardless of age and sex, most time was spent on home-based activities (women: 118.5 ± 87.8 min/day; men: 80.2 ± 69.4 min/day). Both PA and time spent on leisure activities were associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.20, 0.65 for PA; 0.93; 95%-CL: 0.87, 0.99 for leisure activities) and less limitations in ADL. PA and active transport seemed to lower the risk of overweight (0.39; 95%-CL: 0.25, 0.62 for PA; 0.80; 95%-CL: 0.69, 0.93 for active transport) and obesity (0.36; 95%-CL: 0.21, 0.60 for PA; 0.77; 95%-CL: 0.64, 0.92 for active transport). Having an occupation was associated with a lower risk of bad self-rated health (0.60; 95%-CL: 0.40, 0.92). Conclusions The results of this study provide insights in the time allocation to active daily domains and total PA of older adults, as well as the associations with health indicators. These findings have important implications for the development of PA programs. Future research should examine the associations further in longitudinal studies.

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Changes in use of time across retirement: A longitudinal study

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Does removal of work stress explain improved sleep following retirement? The Finnish Retirement and Aging study

Does removal of work stress explain improved sleep following retirement? The Finnish Retirement and Aging study

Temporal trends in sitting time by domain in a cohort of mid-age Australian men and women

Time allocation to active daily domains, physical activity, and health indicators in older adults: Cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study.

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