Changes in VIP-, SP- and CGRP- like immunoreactivity in intramural neurons within the pig stomach following supplementation with low and high doses of acrylamide

Palus, Katarzyna; Bulc, Michał; Całka, Jarosław

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.002

Cited by 23 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…VIP is considered to be one of the most important neuropeptides involved in intestinal processes [3]. First of all, VIP acts as an inhibitory agent causing the smooth muscles relaxation [52,53], inhibition of motor activity of the stomach [2], as well as suppression of the gastric acid secretion. Moreover, VIP participates in the stimulation of mucus secretion, increases the production of intestinal juice and bile and takes part in blood flow regulation [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, the stomach and intestine have developed a large variety of adaptations to ensure the appropriate mixing and transit of intestinal contents during digestion, absorption and excretion [1]. The digestive system is known to be regulated by extrinsic innervation (sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory ganglionic neurons), and by intrinsic innervation-intramural neurons positioned in the wall of the entire gastrointestinal tract (from the esophagus to the anus) forming the enteric nervous system (ENS) [2,3]. The ENS, also called the second brain, consists of a mesh-like system of neurons and is capable of acting independently of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each neuron, synthesis, storage and final release of the main neurotransmitter and other neuromodulators or cotransmitters (mainly neuropeptides) occurs. Adaptation to the changing environmental conditions includes changing in the chemical coding of neurons by enhanced expression of some neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and decreased of others [2,18,19]. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are well-known and widely described biologically active substances found in the ENS [2,3,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Rząp

Czajkowska

Całka

2020

IJMS

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Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic and antipyretic properties. The side effects are well known, however, knowledge concerning its influence on gastric and intestinal innervation is limited. The enteric nervous system (ENS) innervates the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and is comprised of more than one hundred million neurons. The capacity of neurons to adapt to microenvironmental influences, termed as an enteric neuronal plasticity, is an essential adaptive response to various pathological stimuli. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the influence of prolonged ASA supplementation on the immunolocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript peptide (CART) in the porcine jejunum. The experiment was performed on 8 Pietrain × Duroc immature gilts. Using routine double-labelling immunofluorescence, we revealed that the ENS nerve cells underwent adaptive changes in response to the induced inflammation, which was manifested by upregulated or downregulated expression of the studied neurotransmitters. Our results suggest the participation of nNOS, VIP and CART in the development of inflammation and may form the basis for further neuro-gastroenterological research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Rząp

Czajkowska

Całka

2020

IJMS

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“…Moreover, neurotransmitters are also responsible for sending information between neurons. One of the most important functions executed by neuronal cells through synthesis and release of neurotransmitters is providing normal neuron functions under unfavorable conditions during pathological processes [29,50]. Taking this into consideration, the current work focused on changes in the number of enteric neurons synthesizing selected neurotransmitters in response to hyperglycemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies also showed that CART was involved in the control of many pathological conditions within the GI tract. For instance, axotomy [51] (an overdose of acrylamide) has significantly enhanced the expression of CART in ENS structures in the alimentary tract [50]. A characteristic feature of the above pathologies is the presence of inflammatory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Streptozotocin-Inducted Diabetes on the Pathophysiology of Enteric Neurons in the Small Intestine Based on the Porcine Diabetes Model

Bulc

Całka

Palus

2020

IJMS

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Hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of diabetes complications. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are one of the most frequent complications during diabetes. The porcine digestive tract possesses physiological and pathological similarities to the human digestive tract. This also applies to the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the influence of experimentally-inducted hyperglycemia was examined on the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons in the small intestine of the pig. During the current study, an increased number of neurons containing CART, VIP, GAL, and CGRP under streptozotocin injection were observed. The augmentation of expression included all enteric plexuses present in the small intestine. The same results were obtained in the case of VAChT; namely, chronic hyperglycemia led to an increase in the number of neurons utilizing VAChT in all investigated plexuses. The obtained results suggested that the function of neuropeptides studied in this experiment depended on their localization in the ENS structures, as well as part of the GI tract. Diabetes led to alterations in the neurochemical phenotype of small intestine enteric neurons.

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Topographical organization and morphology of substance P (SP)‐immunoreactive axons in the whole stomach of mice

Mistareehi

Madas

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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Nociceptive afferents innervate the stomach and send signals centrally to the brain and locally to stomach tissues. Nociceptive afferents can be detected with a variety of different markers. In particular, substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide and is one of the most commonly used markers for nociceptive nerves in the somatic and visceral organs. However, the topographical distribution and morphological structure of SPimmunoreactive (SP-IR) axons and terminals in the whole stomach have not yet been fully determined. In this study, we labeled SP-IR axons and terminals in flat mounts of the ventral and dorsal halves of the stomach of mice. Flat-mount stomachs, including the longitudinal and circular muscular layers and the myenteric ganglionic plexus, were processed with SP primary antibody followed by fluorescent secondary antibody and then scanned using confocal microscopy. We found that (1) SP-IR axons and terminals formed an extensive network of fibers in the muscular layers and within the ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the whole stomach. (2) Many axons that ran in parallel with the long axes of the longitudinal and circular muscles were also immunoreactive for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). (3) SP-IR axons formed very dense terminal varicosities encircling individual neurons in the myenteric plexus; many of these were VAChT immunoreactive. (4) The regional density of SP-IR axons and terminals in the muscle and myenteric plexus varied in the following order from high to low: antrum-pylorus, corpus, fundus, and cardia. (5) In only the longitudinal and circular muscles, the regional density of SP-IR axon innervation from high to low were: antrumpylorus, corpus, cardia, and fundus. ( 6) The innervation patterns of SP-IR axons and terminals in the ventral and dorsal stomach were comparable. Collectively, our data provide for the first time a map of the distribution and morphology of SP-IR axons and terminals in the whole stomach with single-cell/axon/synapse resolution. This work will establish an anatomical foundation for functional mapping of the SP-IR axon innervation of the stomach and its pathological remodeling in gastrointestinal diseases.

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Changes in VIP-, SP- and CGRP- like immunoreactivity in intramural neurons within the pig stomach following supplementation with low and high doses of acrylamide

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Effect of Streptozotocin-Inducted Diabetes on the Pathophysiology of Enteric Neurons in the Small Intestine Based on the Porcine Diabetes Model

Topographical organization and morphology of substance P (SP)‐immunoreactive axons in the whole stomach of mice

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