Changes in Weed Communities of Spring Wheat Crops of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina

Barman

Conservation Agriculture

et al. 2014

Conservation agriculture (CA) does have several advantages over conventional tillage (CT)-based agriculture in terms of soil health parameters. However, weeds are the major biotic constraint in CA, posing as a great challenge towards its adoption. The presence of weed seeds on the upper soil surface, due to no tillage operation, leads to higher weed infestation in CA, and so far, herbicides are the only answer to deal with this problem. Overreliance of herbicide use showed its consequence in terms of environmental pollution, weed shift and herbicide resistance development in weeds. Growing herbicide-tolerant crops using nonselective herbicides could be a broad-spectrum weed management technique to tackle weed shift, but the same is being resulted in the evolution of more problematic 'super weed'. These observations indicate the need of integrated weed management technologies involving the time tested cultural practices, viz. competitive crop cultivars, mulches, cover crops, intercrops with allelopathic potential, crop diversification, planting geometry, efficient nutrient, water management, etc., along with limited and site-specific herbicide application. The modern seeding equipment, e.g. 'Happy Seeder' technology, that helps in managing weeds through retention of crop residues as mulches, besides providing efficient seeding and fertilizer placement, shows the promise of becoming an integral part of CA system.

Section: Weed Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

Barman

Conservation Agriculture

et al. 2014

“…Perennial grasses were thus introduced as forage crops in the Pampas during the agricultural expansion between 1880 and 1914 (Cynodon dactylon, Festuca arundinaceae, Sorghum halepense), but some of these species became conspicuous invasive plants few decades later of their introduction. Other annual forage grasses, such as ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), already naturalised before agricultural expansion (Hernández 1884), have been continuously sown in pastures, albeit this species is also recognised as weed in cereal crops (Scursoni & al. 2014).…”

Section: Asteraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Guests and gatecrashers in a New World’s banquet: Old World plant species introduced from the Mediterranean Basin enriched the flora of grasslands and croplands in the Pampas of Argentina

2015

Fl. Medit.

Exchange of domesticated plants between Europe and the Americas has been a paramount episode of World History, which transformed agriculture and food habits at both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. However, many plant species have been inadvertently introduced mostly as contaminants of crop seeds, causing important changes in the flora. Here, we present a brief description of the floristic enrichment of the Pampa grasslands of Argentina due to the naturalisation of plant species from the Mediterranean Basin. Since the European colonisation in the 16th century, Old World plant species have been continuously introduced, intentionally or not, in the Pampas, especially during the expansion of agriculture in the late 19th century. Four botanical families comprised the highest numbers of species (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Brassicaceae), which have been recognised for having the largest contribution to the total number of alien species in local floras. Some families were only present in the Pampas by Mediterranean species occurring as weeds in croplands. The flora of the Pampas was also enriched with life-forms that were poorly represented in the pristine grasslands, such as species from Fabaceae and short-lived species vegetating during the cool season. Finally, seed trade from South America to Europa provided a vector for the dispersion of Neotropical and Pampean species naturalised in Mediterranean ecosystems. While the long term impact of alien naturalization in the evolutionary history of life-forms in the Pampas and the Mediterranean basin is difficult to elucidate, some naturalised Mediterranean plants are involved in providing ecosystem services in the intensively managed croplands in the Pampas or are seen as a threat to native flora.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

“…However, despite this fact this region makes a significant contribu tion to the cereal grain production in Argentina. The prin cipal crops in the SW of Buenos Aires province are: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vul gare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) (Scursoni et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lolium multiflorum L. and L. perenne are the main competitors in wheat fields (Yanniccari 2014). Similarly, A. fatua and A. barbata showed elevated degrees of infestation that greatly reduce grain production (Lamberto et al 1997;Gigón et al 2009;Scursoni et al 2014). Due to their survival strategies, together with a highly competitive growth habit, they are considered difficult to control in wheat fields (Juan et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the broadleaf species, the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae families showed the greatest number of species cited in the field surveys (Gigón et al 2009;Scursoni et al 2014). Within the Brassicaceae family, Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. (DC) (perennial wall-rocket) is the most important weed in the region, which is known to deplete soil nutrients and moisture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of optimal doses of glyphosate for controlling weeds at several stages in southwestern Buenos Aires province (Argentina)

Bentivegna¹,

Moyano²,

Daddario³

et al. 2018

Efficient weed management is essential for avoiding competition for water, light, and nutrient resources in semiarid zones. Chemical weed control with glyphosate was evaluated on perennial wall-rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia), artichoke thistle (Cynara cardunculus), slender wild oat (Avena barbata), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Plants at early, middle and advanced vegetative stages were used in this study. Glyphosate potassium salt was applied at rates of 0.0675 (1/16x), 0.135 (1/8x), 0.27 (1/4x), 0.54 (1/2x), 1.08 (x) and 2.16 (2x) kg acid equivalent (ae) ⋅ ha -1 . Glyphosate combined with 2,4-D amine salt was evaluated at rates of 1.08 kg ae ⋅ ha -1 and 0.53 kg active ingredient (ai) ⋅ ha -1 , respectively. The volume of the spray was 100 l ⋅ ha -1 with 86 droplets ⋅ cm -2 and a Volume Median Diameter (VMD) of 421.19 µm. In general, all the tested weeds were controlled with a quarter of the label rate. Three sizes of tested plants were controlled in a similar way at the same glyphosate dose rate. Moreover, the addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate did not produce an increase in the control of broadleaf weeds. The results showed that glyphosate was effective in controlling the tested weed species, including low application rates for all the growth stages in the southwestern Buenos Aires province.