Changes in Weight and Lean Body Mass during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Shikuma, Cecilia; Zackin, Robert; Sattler, Fred R.; Mildvan, Donna; Nyangweso, Peter M.; Alston, Beverly; Evans, Scott; Mulligan, Kathleen

doi:10.1086/424665

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The mean BMI was marginally higher among adherent compared with non-adherent respondents, but there was no statistical significance. These increases in weight and BMI in this study are consistent with those reported in the literature (Shikuma et al, 2004;Esposito et al, 2008;Quaye and AddaiMensah).Studies have reported relationship between HAART induced decrease in virus burden, increased CD4 cell count and increased mean weight and BMI (Shikuma et al, 2004;Esposito et al, 2008). In this study, it was found that there was a mean increase in CD4 cell count and mean weight and BMI increases from initiation of HAART, indicating increase in weight is related to viral suppression and immunological response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies in both developed and developing countries have reported that optimal adherence (≥ 95%) correlated with a viral load decrease, CD4 cell count increase, total lymphocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations and higher survival rates (Gross et al, 2006;Ferradini, 2006;Nieuwkerk and Oort, 2006;Gutierrez, 2006;Tang et al, 2011;Shikuma et al, 2004;Esposito et al, 2008;Quaye and Addai-Mensah, 2011).Non-adherence has also been associated with increased viral load, emerging drug resistance, increased morbidity and mortality (Brinkhof et al, 2009;Gazzola et al, 2009;Bangsberg et al, 2007).There have been mixed results of adherence rates in Africa and specifically in Nigeria with most studies reporting optimal adherence rates (Peltzer, 2010;Chabikuli 2010;Ohene and Forson, 2009;Monjok et al, 2010;Akileswaran, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of clinical and laboratory profile of Haart adherent and non-adherent HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Ayuk¹,

Udonwa²,

Gyuse³

2017

Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci

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Background: The burden of HIV/AIDS has reduced following sustained interventions especially with introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV/AIDS has become a chronic condition for which adherence to therapy is of public health relevance. This study was aimed at assessing the relationship between adherence to HAART and clinical and laboratory outcomes in a tertiary centre.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of three hundred and forty eight (348) respondents on HAART. Adherence was measured using an adapted adult AIDS clinical trial group (AACTG) with optimal adherence set at ≥95%. Clinical stage, anthropometry, CD4, total lymphocyte and haemoglobin were used to monitor clinical, immunological and haematological outcome of adherence. Result:The mean (SD) age of respondents was 34.8 (5.3) years, ranging from 18 -68 years, with male: female ratio of 1:1.7. Adherence to HAART was 89.1%. Non-adherent compared with adherent respondents, had marginally significantly higher proportion of WHO AIDS Stage 3 disease (44.7% vs. 26.4%, p=0.05). Comparing baseline with current values, change in mean CD4 cell counts was significantly higher among adherent compared with non-adherent respondents (187 vs. 125, p=0.00). Also, change in mean total lymphocyte counts was significantly higher among adherent compared with non-adherent respondents (508 vs. 314, p=0.00). Change in CD4 cell count significantly correlated with adherence (t=0.15, p<0.05). Conclusion:Self-reported optimal adherence significantly correlated with immunological recovery, which is a key determinant of good clinical outcome in HIV patients. Measures aimed at sustaining adherence to HAART, and regular assessment of CD4 count should be strengthened.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of clinical and laboratory profile of Haart adherent and non-adherent HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Ayuk¹,

Udonwa²,

Gyuse³

2017

Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the present knowledge, there are no data indicating that adiposity or growth disorders influence the immunologic defense against viral infections. Infections such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [46] or rare congenital viral infections [22,23], which may be associated with lipometabolic disturbances or growth disorders, were precluded from this study on the basis of patients' laboratory data and history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of influenza A and B in German infants and adolescents

Sauerbrei

Schmidt-Ott

Hoyer³

et al. 2009

Med Microbiol Immunol

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The objective of this study was to provide seroepidemiological information on influenza A and B antibodies in children and adolescents. Viral immunoglobulin G antibodies were determined retrospectively using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in a group of 1,111 children and adolescents. Sera (809) from healthy adult blood donors served as controls. In children, the prevalence of antibodies against influenza A was 82.0% and against influenza B 9.6%, whereas in adults the prevalence of antibodies against influenza A was calculated as 99.4% and against influenza B 56.7%. After decline of maternal antibodies during the first year of life, there was an increase of prevalence of influenza A antibodies up to 100% by the age of 12 years. In contrast, only 1-2% of children up to 9 years had influenza B antibodies increasing to 25% by the age of 18 years and to 70% among adults aged 30 years. Children aged 0-6 years had significantly lower concentrations and >12-15-year-old adolescents had significantly higher concentrations of antibodies against influenza A than adults. For all age groups of children and adolescents, significantly lower antibody concentrations against influenza B were measured in comparison to the blood donor control group. In conclusion, the annual influenza vaccination in children and adolescents may improve considerably the protection against influenza virus infection occurring during epidemics.

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“…Adherence to HAART has been associated with relative improvements in immunologic and virologic markers (Low-Beer et al, 2000;Paterson et al, 2001), increased body weight (Shikuma et al, 2004), and less rapid progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS; Bangsberg et al, 2001). Despite the seriousness of problems related to nonadherence, empirical studies on HAART adherence interventions for HIV-positive substance users are lacking (Simoni et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voucher reinforcement improves medication adherence in HIV-positive methadone patients: A randomized trial

Sorensen

Haug

Delucchi

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

145

136

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This clinical trial evaluated a contingency management intervention designed to improve medication adherence among HIV-positive methadone maintenance patients. After a 4-week baseline observation phase, eligible participants (N = 66) were randomly assigned to: (a) medication coaching sessions every other week to assist with adherence strategies (comparison group) or (b) medication coaching plus voucher reinforcement for opening electronic medication caps on time (voucher group). Baseline adherence (percent doses taken/percent total possible doses) was 51% using electronic measurement, 75% using self-report and 75% using pill count. The intervention was provided for 12 weeks, with a 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome results of the clinical trial indicated effectiveness during the intervention, with significant mean adherence differences between voucher and comparison groups using electronic measurement (78% vs. 56%), pill count (86% vs. 75%), and self-report (87% vs. 69%). Differences between groups faded after vouchers were discontinued. Contingency management shows promise as a strategy to promote antiretroviral medication adherence in this population.

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Changes in Weight and Lean Body Mass during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of clinical and laboratory profile of Haart adherent and non-adherent HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Comparison of clinical and laboratory profile of Haart adherent and non-adherent HIV/AIDS patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Seroprevalence of influenza A and B in German infants and adolescents

Voucher reinforcement improves medication adherence in HIV-positive methadone patients: A randomized trial

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