Changes in wheat micro structure following<i>in vitro</i>digestion

Parkkonen, Teija; Tervilä-Wilo, Asta; Hopeakoski-Nurminen, Maarit; Morgan, Andrew; Poutanen, Kaisa; Autio, Karin

doi:10.1080/09064719709362437

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…High levels of NSP in pig diets can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between substrate and digestive enzymes and, hence, reducing the nutrient digestibility (O'Connell et al, 2005;Passos et al, 2015). Previous studies demonstrated that supplementation of exogenous enzymes to high-NSP diets reduced the viscosity of digesta and enhanced the nutrient utilization (Parkkonen et al, 1997;Grandhi, 2001;Ji et al, 2008;Tapingkae et al, 2008). In the present study, pigs fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase had greater digestibility of β-mannan, which might reduce digesta viscosity and improve nutrient utilization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Kim

Ingale

Hosseindoust

et al. 2017

Animal

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The exogenous enzymes are less consistent in their effects as their beneficial effects depend upon the types and level non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in the diets. Therefore, exogenous enzymes should be selected on the basis of types and amount of the NSP in the pig diets. The objectives of the present experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary level of mannan and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients, and blood metabolites of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments on the basis of BW. There were four replicates in each treatment with six pigs per replicate. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based control diet and three other diets consisted of the control diet supplemented with 400, 800 or 1600 U of β-mannanase/kg diet. The final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and blood glucose increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of dietary β-mannanase. The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and β-mannan was higher (linear, P < 0.05) with increase in dietary β-mannanase concentrations. In Exp. 2, 288 barrows were allotted to six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of mannan level (high v. low) and addition of β-mannanase (0, 400 or 800 U/kg diet). There were four replicates in each treatment with 12 pigs/replicate. Pigs were fed corn-SBM-based low-mannan diet (6.1 g/kg) or high-mannan (25.2 g/kg) diet in which corn and SBM were partially replaced with 50 g/kg diet palm kernel meal. All diets were fed in meal form for 42 days. Pigs fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase had greater ( P < 0.05) final BW, ADG, feed to gain (F : G), the ATTD of DM, GE, and β-mannan and blood glucose concentration compared with pigs fed diets without β-mannanase. In addition, the final BW, ADG, F : G and the ATTD of GE and β-mannan were reduced ( P < 0.05) in low mannan level. The dietary level of mannan and the β-mannanase supplementation had no effects ( P > 0.05) on the concentrations of blood total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and blood urea nitrogen. These results indicate that supplementation of β-mannanase to low-or high-mannan diets have potential to improve the performance of growing pigs. In addition, palm kernel meal may partially replace corn and SBM without reducing pig performance if β-mannanase is added to diet.Keywords: blood metabolites, growing pigs, performance, mannan, β-mannanase ImplicationsThe β-mannan accounts for 15% to 35 % (soy-based to palm-based) of total non-starch polysaccharides content of the pig diets, β-galactomannan, is a polysaccharide with repeating units of mannose, with galactose or glucose, or both, often found attached to the β-mannan. Pig digestive tract lacks the enzymes targeting β-1, 4-mannosyl bond and α-1, 6-galactosyl bonds, which limits the nutrient utilization and growth performance. These results indicate that β-mannanase have potential to improve the performance of growing pigs, and palm kernel meal m...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Kim

Ingale

Hosseindoust

et al. 2017

Animal

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“…Also, Parkkonnen et al (1997) has observed that xylanase increases the permeability of the aleurone layer of wheat which is the site of phytic acid storage thereby improving the accessibility of phytase to the phytate. Effects of phytase observed in this study where phytase improved the digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared to the control also corroborates the findings of Parkkonen et al (1997). This is known as 'extra phosphoric effect'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of enzyme cocktails on in vitro digestibility of palm kernel cake

Jimoh¹

2018

JCEA

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The variable nature of crude fibre and the difference in the profile of exogenous enzymes have necessitated the need to investigate the effects of enzyme cocktail on some high fibre feed stuffs. Whether enzyme cocktail will perform better than individual enzyme is still a subject of research. This research was conducted to test the hypothesis that cocktail of enzymes will perform better than individual enzymes on palm kernel cake using in vitro technique. Three different exogenous enzymes namely xylanase, multipurpose and phytase were used individually and as cocktails in a completely randomized design. There were eight treatments comprising of a control (with no enzyme) and seven experimental treatments with either individual enzymes, pairwise combination of enzymes or combination of the three enzymes. Each treatment was replicated thrice. In vitro technique was carried out and values of nutrients' digestibility obtained were analyzed using Statistical Analyses Software. Treatments means were separated using Duncan's multiple range test. This study revealed that multipurpose enzyme was significantly (P<0.05) better than other individual enzymes in their effects on digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and fibre fractions with the exception of acid detergent lignin where there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the treatments. Phytase gave the least improvement in the measured parameters among the individual enzymes. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better (P<0.05) than individual enzymes in their effects on digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and fibre fractions while cocktail of the three enzymes was significantly (P<0.05) the best among the cocktails. The study concluded that cocktail of exogenous enzymes holds better potential than individual enzymes in improving the utilization of palm kernel cake for poultry species.

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“…There are several possible mechanisms to explain the carbohydrase-related improvement in utilization of dietary energy. Parkkonen et al (1997) observed in vitro that xylanase increased the permeability of the aleurone layer through hydrolysis of structural carbohydrates, which may enhance contact of digestive or exogenous enzymes and their substrates. Supplementation of diets Table 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of exogenous dietary carbohydrases to the metabolizable energy value of corn distillers grains for broiler chickens

et al. 2010

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The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, and ME(n) contents of corn distillers grains (CDG) for broiler chickens and to quantify these energy utilization responses to carbohydrase supplementation by the regression method. The CDG sample used in the current experiment contained (by analysis) 936 g/kg of DM, 4,894 kcal/kg of gross energy, 315.1 g/kg of CP, 94.6 g/kg of crude fat, 94.8 g/kg of crude fiber, 495.6 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber, 179.1 g/kg of acid detergent fiber, 0.19 g/kg of Ca, and 4.8 g/kg of P. The studies were conducted at 2 locations (Purdue or Louisiana State University) and CDG were incorporated into a practical corn-soybean meal diet at 3 levels (0, 300, or 600 g/kg) without or with added carbohydrase in a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. The carbohydrase premix was added to supply 2,000 U of xylanase + 1,800 U of amylase/kg of feed. The diets were fed to 288 broiler chickens from d 15 to 22 posthatch with 6 birds per cage and 8 replicate cages per diet in a randomized complete block design at each of 2 locations. The broiler chicks were fed a standard broiler starter diet from d 1 to 15 posthatch. The IDE of diets decreased both linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg regardless of carbohydrase supplementation. There was a linear (P < 0.01) decrease in ME of diet from 3,239 to 2,510 kcal/kg as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg in the diets without added carbohydrase, whereas for birds fed the carbohydrase-supplemented diets, there were both linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P < 0.01) decreases from 3,398 to 2,613 kcal/kg as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Dietary ME(n) linearly decreased (P < 0.01) regardless of carbohydrase supplementation as CDG increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Supplementation with carbohydrase improved (P < 0.01) IDE, ME, and ME(n). Regressions of CDG-associated IDE, ME, or ME(n) intake in kilocalories against kilograms of CDG intake without added carbohydrase generated the following: IDE = 44 + 2,340X, r(2) = 0.953; ME = 10 + 2,315X, r(2) = 0.993; and ME(n) = 10 + 2,132X, r(2) = 0.991. Corresponding regressions when carbohydrase was added were as follows: IDE = -17 + 2,622X, r(2) = 0.985; ME = -25 + 2,448X, r(2) = 0.979; and ME(n) = -22 + 2,264X, r(2) = 0.978. These data indicate that the respective IDE, ME, and ME(n) values (kcal/kg of DM) of the CDG sample evaluated were 2,340, 2,315, and 2,132 when carbohydrase was not added and 2,622, 2,448, and 2,264 when carbohydrase was added. Comparison using ANOVA procedures indicated that the slope when carbohydrase was added was greater (P < 0.05) than when carbohydrase was not added. This response implies that carbohydrase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the IDE, ME, and ME(n) of CDG in practical corn-soybean meal-based diets used in this current study by 12, 5.7, and 6.2%, respectively.

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Changes in wheat micro structure followingin vitrodigestion

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Effects of enzyme cocktails on in vitro digestibility of palm kernel cake

Contribution of exogenous dietary carbohydrases to the metabolizable energy value of corn distillers grains for broiler chickens

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