Changes in Δ5‐ and Δ7‐sterols during germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maximaduring germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maxima

Garg, Veena; Nes, William R.

doi:10.1007/bf02534771

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The stanol contents ranged from 0 (not detected) to 11%, being 2% TS in most samples; those of the other sterols ranged from 0 (not detected) to 27%. According to previous studies, Δ 7 ‐sterols dominated in cucumber and spinach 34. The main sterols in cucumber and spinach were spinasterol and dihydrospinasterol, contributing 34% and 33% of the total sterols in cucumber and 62% and 27% in spinach respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Plant sterols in vegetables, fruits and berries

et al. 2003

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The plant sterol contents of the most important vegetables, fruits and berries available in Finland were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The sample preparation procedure included both acid and alkaline hydrolysis to liberate sterols from their conjugates. The plant sterol contents of fresh vegetables ranged from 51 to 370 mg kg À1 fresh weight (fw) in samples obtained from retail sale. The highest contents (>300 mg kg À1 ) were measured in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and dill and the lowest (51 mg kg À1 ) in potato. The range of sterol contents on a dry weight (dw) basis was high, 246-4100 mg kg À1 dw. Considerable variation was also observed when individual samples of some vegetables were compared. Sitosterol was the main sterol (proportion 43-86%) in all vegetables except cucumber and spinach, in which D 7 -sterols dominated. The total sterol contents were in the range 116-228 mg kg À1 fw in all fresh fruits except avocado, which contained more sterols, 752 mg kg À1 fw. In fresh berries the corresponding range was 60-279 m kg À1 fw. The wild berries lingonberry and blueberry were better plant sterol sources than the cultivated berries blackcurrant, redcurrant and strawberry. In fruits and berries the proportion of sitosterol ranged from 61-93% total sterols. On the basis of the results, the contribution of vegetables, fruits and berries to the total average daily plant sterol intake was estimated to be ca 60 mg.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Plant sterols in vegetables, fruits and berries

et al. 2003

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“…For example, the sterol profile of Cucurbita maxima plants changed during germination and early seedling growth, with the seed's initial stigmasterol pool declining more rapidly and disappearing sooner than the seed's sitosterol pool (Garg & Nes, 1985). Therefore, shoot age exerted substantial control over the general proportion of these two major sterols.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free and glycosylated sterol bioaccumulation in developing Cycas micronesica seeds

Marler

Shaw

2009

Food Chemistry

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The bioaccumulation of free and glycosylated forms of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were determined from Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seeds throughout seed ontogeny. Per-seed pool of the four compounds increased linearly from 2 to 24 months, indicating no developmental period elicited a major shift in the rate of bioaccumulation. The slopes were not homogeneous, signifying a change in relative sterol profile concomitant with seed maturation. This shift was in favour of the glucosides, as their rate of accumulation exceeded that of the free sterols. Stigmasterol content exceeded that of β-sitosterol, but ontogeny did not influence the ratio of these dominant sterols. The quantity and quality of sterol exposure during consumption of foods prepared from gametophytes by humans is strongly influenced by age of harvested seeds. Results are critical for a further understanding of the link between human neurodegenerative diseases and historical consumption of foods derived from the seed gametophyte tissue.

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“…Sterol mobilization during seed germination has been reported in several plant species, including tomato ( Duperon et al., 1984 ; Garg and Nes, 1985 ; Huang and Grunwald, 1988 ; Guo et al., 1995 ; Zhang et al., 2007 ). The early germination phenotype of slpsat1 x slasat1 seeds could result from a better reserve mobilization rather than from changes in its content, which, as mentioned above, is primarily related with the germination rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes

Burciaga-Monge

López-Tubau²,

Laibach³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes.

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Changes in Δ⁵‐ and Δ⁷‐sterols during germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maximaduring germination and seedling development ofCucurbita maxima

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Plant sterols in vegetables, fruits and berries

Plant sterols in vegetables, fruits and berries

Free and glycosylated sterol bioaccumulation in developing Cycas micronesica seeds

Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes

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