Changes of androgens levels in menopausal women

Brzozowska, Maria; Lewiński, Andrzej

doi:10.5114/pm.2020.101941

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Androgens are a group of steroid hormones that include mainly testosterone, which is converted to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, its active metabolite which shows a 2-5 times higher binding affinity to the AR than that of testosterone) through the action of the enzyme 5α-reductase [4]. Androgens are produced from the transformation of cholesterol in the testes (Leydig cells), ovaries, adrenal gland [4,6] muscles, fat tissue, skin, and endometrium [7].…”

Section: Structure Of Androgens and Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AR belongs to the steroid receptor family (NR3C4 of the 3-ketosteroid receptors, family III), one of the subtypes of the nuclear receptor superfamily, the latter composed in the testes (Leydig cells), ovaries, adrenal gland [4,6] muscles, fat tissue, skin, and endometrium [7].…”

Section: Structure Of Androgens and Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In women, androgens are produced in different tissues such as the skin, but mainly in the ovaries, and are transported in the blood together with the SHBG or albumins [7]. The androgens present normally in women are androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and testosterone [36].…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The androgens present normally in women are androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and testosterone [36]. Testosterone regulates the metabolism, strengthens muscle and bone, and maintains genitourinary health, mood, and some cognitive functions [7]. In women, androgens also have effects on hair cells, causing disorders such as acne, alopecia, and hirsutism, and alterations in the endocrine system such as polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia [36].…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emotional state and sexual behavior are regulated by sex hormones during a woman's life; a decrease in androgens causes a loss of libido and a feeling of well-being. In addition, it induces changes in the genitourinary system, such as changes in the vulva, clitoris, urethra, and vagina; in the latter, it causes narrowing, inflammation or bleeding, and a decrease in acidity which favors infections by bacteria and fungi, which could later lead to urinary infections [7].…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

et al. 2021

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Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with an estimated half a million new cases and 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. This pathology mainly affects men. Men have a higher risk (4:1) of developing bladder cancer than women. Cigarette smoking and exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, and aniline dyes have been established as risk factors for bladder cancer and may contribute to the sex disparity. Male internal genitalia, including the urothelium and prostate, are derived from urothelial sinus endoderm; both tissues express the androgen receptor (AR). Several investigations have shown evidence that the AR plays an important role in the initiation and development of different types of cancer including bladder cancer. In this article, we summarize the available data that help to explain the role of the AR in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as well as the therapies used for its treatment.

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Section: Structure Of Androgens and Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure Of Androgens and Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Role Of Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

et al. 2021

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A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Wei,

Hughes,

Omer

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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By 2060, an estimated one in four Americans will be elderly. Consequently, the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures will also increase. Presently, no available intervention definitively prevents or manages osteoporosis. This study explores whether Pool 7 Compound 3 (P7C3) reduces progressive bone loss and fragility following the onset of ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis. Results confirm OVX‐induced weakened, osteoporotic bone together with a significant gain in adipogenic body weight. Treatment with P7C3 significantly reduced osteoclastic activity, bone marrow adiposity, whole‐body weight gain, and preserved bone area, architecture, and mechanical strength. Analyses reveal significantly upregulated platelet derived growth factor‐BB and leukemia inhibitory factor, with downregulation of interleukin‐1 R6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B (RANK). Together, proteomic data suggest the targeting of several key regulators of inflammation, bone, and adipose turnover, via transforming growth factor‐beta/SMAD, and Wingless‐related integration site/be‐catenin signaling pathways. To the best of the knowledge, this is first evidence of an intervention that drives against bone loss via RANK. Metatranscriptomic analyses of the gut microbiota show P7C3 increased Porphyromonadaceae bacterium, Candidatus Melainabacteria, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium abundance, potentially contributing to the favorable inflammatory, and adipo‐osteogenic metabolic regulation observed. The results reveal an undiscovered, and multifunctional therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathological progression of OVX‐induced bone loss.

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