Changes of circulating β-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophin and cortisol concentrations during growth and rearing in Thoroughbred foals

Fazio, Esterina; Medica, Pietro; Grasso, Loredana; Messineo, C.; Ferlazzo, Adriana

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.021

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…34 In agreement with Escribano et al 35 gender has no significant effect on cortisol levels either at rest or in response to exercise. In contrast to Fazio et al, 32 females had insignificant high cortisol than males whatever they were fillies or mature cycling mares or both and that most fillies and colts of the present work are older than Fazio's study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The manner in which an organism reacts to stress is not only influenced by the type, duration and intensity of the stressor; it also depends on the presence of circulating sexual steroid hormones. 31 The higher cortisol concentrations in both fillies and colts (younger horses) of the present study compared to mature normal cycling mares and stallions agree with Fazio et al, 32 who reported that growth affected cortisol values and cortisol concentrations is positively correlated with body weight in both colts (r=0.80; P=0.001) and fillies (r =0.82; P=0.001) during growth from birth to weaning. Growth and weaning could modulate the opioid system and pituitary-adrenocortical axis of Thoroughbred foals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Growth and weaning could modulate the opioid system and pituitary-adrenocortical axis of Thoroughbred foals. 32 High cortisol levels have been observed just before birth 33 and in the first 2 h after birth of the term foals. 34 In agreement with Escribano et al 35 gender has no significant effect on cortisol levels either at rest or in response to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stress and its effects on horses reproduction

AboEl-Maaty

2011

Vet Sci Develop

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A total of 90 mares and horses were subjected to blood sampling for determining the effect of management (farm), reproductive condition, sex, age, breed and month of the year during breeding on circulating levels of cortisol and sex hormones. Blood samples were collected from December to the following June from four farms. Blood sera underwent testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and cortisol assaying using ELISA kits. Cortisol levels were significantly low in lactating mares during their foal heat but significantly high levels were recorded in both repeat breeder mares and horses used for racing. High and significant testosterone and estradiol levels were recorded in both stallions used for breeding especially after semen collection and early pregnant mares. Similar testosterone levels were recorded in both early pregnant mares and racing horses but high levels were recorded in stallions. Estradiol was high in both early pregnant and mares with endometritis but the highest levels were observed in stallions. Horses held in private farms had high cortisol levels compared to those of governmental farms. In contrast to mares, horses had low cortisol and high estradiol levels. Cortisol levels were high from April to June (Spring and early summer) compared to its levels from December to March (Winter). Arab horses had low cortisol compared to native and imported foreign breeds. In conclusion, environmental condition, exercise, breed, management and the purpose of raising horses all are affecting its cortisol levels.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stress and its effects on horses reproduction

AboEl-Maaty

2011

Vet Sci Develop

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“…With regard to the beef cows, adrenaline increased, whereas noradrenaline was unchanged post-weaning (Lefcourt and Elsasser 1995). Additionally, for other livestock species, weaning has been reported to increase the concentration of cortisol in piglets (Hay et al 2001;Mason et al 2003;Kojima et al 2008), foals (Moons et al 2005;Fazio et al 2009) and lambs (Rhind et al 1998).…”

Section: Endocrine Responsesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Weaning management of beef calves with implications for animal health and welfare

Lynch

McGee

Earley

2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Weaning is a necessary husbandry practice in which nutritional, social, physical and psychological stressors are imposed on the beef calf causing alterations in behavioural and physiological responses. The present paper is a review of studies on the influence of weaning stress at housing on beef calves. To date, few studies have examined the effect of weaning on the extended physiological and immunological responses of beef calves and cows. Studies indicate that weaning in combination with immediate housing decreased total leukocyte numbers, reduced in vitro production of interferongamma and increased concentrations of acute phase proteins compared with deferring housing for 35 days post weaning. In cows, transitory neutrophilia (increase in neutrophil number) and lymphopenia (decrease in lymphocyte number), reduced interferon-γ production, and increased concentrations of acute phase proteins were evident post weaning, whereas post-housing, changes were less marked. Thus, there is a greater transitory reduction in immune function biomarkers in calves immediately post weaning. These immune biomarkers may be used in the future to help identify animals susceptible to weaning stress and that are more likely to succumb to respiratory infection.

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“…Recently, Segar et al (2013) determined the effect of ovine fetal thyroidectomy on cardiac growth and growth-related gene expression, suggesting that in the late-gestation fetal heart, thyroid hormones have important cellular growth functions in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Nevertheless, the effects of weaning of lambs on hormonal changes are not that well defined in detail as that of other animal species, including calves (Hickey et al 2003) and foals (Fazio et al 2007;2009). Little research has been conducted about the metabolic role of thyroid hormones in small ruminants (Heasman et al 2000;Todini 2007), and how their secretion is affected by lambs' weaning age (Wells et al 2003;Abdel-Fattah et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of weaning on total and free iodothyronines in lambs

Fazio

Ferlazzo

Cravana

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Weaning is a crucial period in the management of lambs, resulting in physiological and mental challenges, that may have prolonged effects on lamb's health and welfare. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate the effect of weaning on total and free triiodothyronine (T 3 , fT 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 , fT 4 ) concentrations in serum of lambs by enzyme immunoassay. Animal and methods: The study was performed on two groups of 17 clinically healthy Comisana cross-bred lambs (7 males and 10 females) with or without weaning at 10 weeks of age. Serum samples were collected at the age of 8 weeks, 24 h and 2 weeks after weaning in the experimental group and at similar times in the non-weaned control group. Enzyme immunoassay was performed. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Compared to control animals, weaned animals showed significantly decreased T 3 and elevated T 4 concentrations two weeks after weaning with higher concentrations in both males and females in contrast to 24 h after weaning. Body weight (BW) was significantly restored in both females (11% increase) and males (6%) two weeks after weaning as compared to 24 h after weaning. No gender effects were shown for total and free iodothyronine changes.

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Changes of circulating β-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophin and cortisol concentrations during growth and rearing in Thoroughbred foals

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Stress and its effects on horses reproduction

Stress and its effects on horses reproduction

Weaning management of beef calves with implications for animal health and welfare

Effects of weaning on total and free iodothyronines in lambs

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