Changes of collagen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human cancerous and normal prostate tissues studied using native fluorescence spectroscopy with selective excitation wavelength

Abstract

The fluorescence spectra of human cancerous and normal prostate tissues obtained by the selective excitation wavelength of 340 nm were measured. The contributions of principle biochemical components to tissue fluorescence spectra were investigated using the method of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares. The results show that there is a reduced contribution from the emission of collagen and increased contribution from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in cancerous tissues as compared with normal tissue. This difference is attributed to the changes of relative contents of NADH and collagen during cancer development. This research may present a potential native biomarker for prostate cancer detection.

Resonance Raman and Raman Spectroscopy for Breast Cancer Detection

“…Raman spectroscopy provides detailed information about the biochemical composition of tissues from the vibrational states found in the spectra and information for diagnosing disease from the changes associated with those vibrational states. The other techniques of optical biopsy utilize spectroscopy that includes intrinsic native fluorescence, Stokes Shift and Raman spectroscopy to identify neoplastic transformations in cells and tissues on the molecular level, in various organs sites in near real-time, ex vivo and in vivo (11)(12)(13)(14). The Raman spectrum is more robust than the other methods because of the sharp peaks associated with different vibrational modes.…”

“…Over the past three decades, there has been tremendous growth worldwide of optical spectroscopic techniques (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) using 785 nm laser light from diode lasers, especially in Raman spectroscopic characterization and discrimination of breast malignancy (6,18,19,(25)(26)(27). However, few works disclose resonance Raman spectra differences of the cancerous and normal tissues and study biological basis of these differences (12). The resonance effect in RR spectroscopy occurs when the energy of the incoming photon approaches the energy level of an electronic transition of the electrons associated with the bonds in the molecules.…”

Study of rotational dynamics of receptor-targeted contrast agents in cancerous and normal prostate tissues using time-resolved picosecond emission spectroscopy

“…This study would provide an important basis to decompose the signals from the tumor and normal tissues. In future research, we are planning to use blind source separation methods: such as nonnegative matrix factorization, and multivariate curve resolution with alternating least-squares [28] to analyze the mixing time-resolved signals from tumor and normal tissues, and extract their individual contributions to the measured spectra.…”

Stokes shift spectroscopic analysis of multifluorophores for human cancer detection in breast and prostate tissues

“…A number of key fluorophores tryptophan, collagen, elastin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and flavin were investigated as the fingerprint molecules in biomedical optics. 2,3 Tryptophan is an amino acid required by all forms of life for protein synthesis and other important metabolic functions, 4 and accounted to have major contribution to protein fluorescence. NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are involved in the oxidation of fuel molecules and can be used to probe changes in cellular metabolism.…”

“…5 Spectral analysis holds a great promise as a tool for diagnosing early stage of carcinomas. [1][2][3]6,7 Stokes shift spectroscopy offers a novel and simpler way to rapidly recognize spectral fingerprints of fluorophores in complex mixtures such as in tissue. 3,8 S3 measurements can be used to acquire enough information of different key fluorophores from one spectrum; therefore, it can be employed for using one single scan to obtain the most critical fingerprints of main fluorophores which are valuable for cancer detection.…”