Changes of HDL Subfractions by Eicosapentaenoic Acid Intake and Physical Load in 20- to 25-Year-Old Men

Abstract

The effects of daily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intake and physical activity on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction, which may be an index of health status, were examined. The HDL subfraction, triglyceride and T-chol levels in the serum of 10 male volunteers aged 20–25 were examined before, immediately after and 1 h after being subjected to a physical load by bicycle ergometer at 90 W for 20 min. Subjects were then given 1.25 g EPA/day for 2 weeks, and the above test was repeated. By EPA intake, the distribution of HDL3b and 3c decreased significantly by 16.8 and 15.3%, respectively, and that of 2b increased significantly by 17.9%. The rate of change of subfraction of the 29th part (2b) of 30 parts in the total range of HDL increased by 67%, and decreased by 47% in 7th part (3c). By physical load, the distribution of HDL2a increased significantly by 15.4%, while 3b tended to decrease. By physical load after EPA intake, the distribution of 2a decreased significantly by 9.7%, and those of 3b and 3c increased significantly by 20.5 and 5.4%, respectively, and that of the 7th part (3c) increased by 37%. Thus, the physical load after EPA intake is effective to prevent arteriosclerosis as increasing the rate of change of HDL3c and as showing the longevity pattern of the HDL subfraction. Concentration of TG in a modal HDL pattern group increased by 95% after EPA intake, but that of a bimodal group did not show any change. HDL-cholesterol level in the bimodal group was higher than that in the modal group, especially after EPA intake. Two type III subjects changed to type IV by the load and the EPA intake, respectively. Thus, it seemed that the transformation from a modal pattern to a bimodal pattern by a certain lifestyle, especially regular physical activity and proper food intake, is a very important trial for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is related to a protective high-density lipoprotein subspecies profile independent of genetic effects: A monozygotic twin pair study

“…Our results suggest that n-3 PUFAs are associated with an increase in the relative proportion of the largest, least dense HDL 2b subspecies accompanied by a decrease in the smaller HDL 3a and HDL 3b subspecies. Similar results were observed in two previous small, short-term, intervention studies [38,39]. Sakamoto et al reported that the relative proportion of HDL 2b increased and that of HDL 3b and HDL 3c decreased significantly after 2 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation [38].…”

“…Similar results were observed in two previous small, short-term, intervention studies [38,39]. Sakamoto et al reported that the relative proportion of HDL 2b increased and that of HDL 3b and HDL 3c decreased significantly after 2 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation [38].…”

Conversion of α‐linolenic acid to long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid derivatives and alterations of HDL density subfractions and plasma lipids with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

“…It is of interest that the effect of FLX feeding in birds, which increased plasma α‐linolenic acid and its longer‐chain derivatives, had an opposite effect on lipoprotein subfraction distributions compared with humans (Sakamoto et al., ). Male human subjects, aged 20–25 years, supplemented with 1.25 g/day tuna oil (25% eicosapentaenoic acid and 13% docosahexaenoic acid) for 2 weeks showed significantly decreased HDL 3c and HDL 3b and increased HDL 2b .…”

“…Male human subjects, aged 20–25 years, supplemented with 1.25 g/day tuna oil (25% eicosapentaenoic acid and 13% docosahexaenoic acid) for 2 weeks showed significantly decreased HDL 3c and HDL 3b and increased HDL 2b . In humans, this lipoprotein subfraction pattern is known as the longevity pattern and appears to be associated with a low risk of atherosclerosis (Sakamoto et al., ). However, in the present study, when Monk parrots were fed an α‐linolenic acid–enriched diet containing 10% ground FLX, the relative percentage of HDL 3c increased, while both the relative percentage and absolute amount of HDL 2b decreased and HDL 3b remained constant.…”

“…These subfractions and their hydrated density ranges include HDL 2a (1.091–1.110 g/ml), HDL 2b (1.063–1.091 g/ml), HDL 3a (1.110–1.133 g/ml), HDL 3b (1.113–1.156 g/ml) and HDL 3c (1.156–1.179 g/ml) (Rifai et al., ). In humans, an increased HDL 2b subfraction has been associated with a reduced incidence of atherosclerosis (Sakamoto et al., ). Furthermore, the combined HDL 3 fraction (HDL 3a , HDL 3b and HDL 3c ) appeared to reduce the amount of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro (Sakuma et al., ), which is also a positive risk factor for atherosclerosis.…”