Changes of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in the human placenta

Sekiba, K; Yoshioka, Tamotsu

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(79)90707-5

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, several study groups (15,10,13) have published a range of guidelines and diagnostic criteria. Controversies also have arisen in relation to the criteria used to classify PE as moderate or severe (10,13,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress is closely related to clinical severity of pre-eclampsia

et al. 2006

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Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in which enzymatic antioxidant defenses fail and tissues are injured. This prospective case-control study evaluated whether pre-eclamptic women and their newborns show higher degrees of oxidative stress than normal pregnancies and sought to determine if this stress is related to clinical severity. Forty-four pre-eclamptic and thirty healthy pregnant women attending two hospitals in Valparaíso, Chile, were studied. The following plasmatic variables of antioxidant capacity were evaluated: glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), total antioxidant capacity measured by oxidation of ABTS substrate (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). malondialdehide (MDA) was measured to evaluate lipoperoxidation. The evaluation was performed at diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, delivery, 30 days and 120 days post delivery. Newborns were studied at delivery through umbilical cord blood samples. Our analysis shows that antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, GPx, ABTS) was significantly decreased, while lipoperoxidation (MDA) was increased in both pre-eclamptic groups compared to normal pregnant women (p<0.01). Statistically significant difference was found between mild and severe pre-eclamptic groups (p<0.01), for all biochemical markers studied. Therefore, the clinical severity of this pathology is closely related to the degree of oxidative stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress is closely related to clinical severity of pre-eclampsia

et al. 2006

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“…Although placental SOD activity increases throughout gestation and is accompanied by a decrease in placental lipid peroxide concentrations (Sekiba and Yoshioka 1979;Takehara et al 1990), changes in villous volume, trophoblast surface area, and the degree of vascularization that may occur in pathological pregnancies, such as pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction, make it difficult to be able to draw meaningful comparisons between SOD activities in whole placental homogenate from normotensive and pathological pregnancies. Furthermore, oxidant stress, which may occur regionally in the placenta, can alter the expression of the SOD isoforms (Shull et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These isoforms show no sequence homology with each other. SOD activity has been described in the human placenta, and normally placental lipid peroxides decrease but SOD activity increases throughout gestation (Sekiba and Yoshioka 1979;Takehara et al 1990) presumably to prevent excessive superoxide accumulation and consequential deleterious effects in the placenta. In placentas of pre-eclamptic pregnancies, increased levels of lipid peroxides are seen (Wang et al 1992), and decreased SOD activity has been described in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (Wisdom et al 1991;Chen et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Localization of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms in Placental Villous Tissue of Normotensive, Pre-eclamptic, and Intrauterine Growth-restricted Pregnancies

Myatt

Eis

Brockman

et al. 1997

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARY Several isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), including copper/zinc (cytosolic) and manganese (mitochondrial), exist. In the human placenta, SOD may prevent excessive superoxide accumulation and any potential deleterious oxidative effects. In preeclampsia, increased levels of lipid peroxide and decreased SOD activity have been described in the placenta. Oxidative stress such as occurs in pre-eclampsia can alter expression of SOD isoforms. The objective of this study was to localize the copper/zinc and manganese SOD isoforms in the placenta using immunohistochemistry and to compare localization and intensity of immunostaining in tissues from normotensive pregnancies with those from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Western blotting with specific antibodies recognized a 17-kD copper/zinc and a 23-kD manganese SOD subunit in placental homogenates. Intense immunostaining for the manganese SOD isoform was seen in villous vascular endothelium, but only faint staining was found in the syncytiotrophoblast or villous stroma. In serial sections, intense immunostaining for copper/ zinc SOD was seen in certain cells of the villous stroma but only faint immunostaining in syncytiotrophoblast and vascular endothelium. No apparent differences in localization or intensity of immunostaining for either isoform were seen between tissues of normotensive or pre-eclamptic pregnancies, with or without IUGR. The different cellular localizations of the SOD isoforms suggest that they fulfill different functional roles within the placenta. I n the absence of autonomic innervation, blood flow in the human placenta must be determined by humoral mechanisms and by autocrine/paracrine factors produced in the placental vasculature itself (Myatt 1992). We have previously shown that the nitric oxide (NO) radical is a potent vasodilator of the human fetal placental vasculature in vitro (Myatt et al. 1991), where it serves to maintain basal blood flow and to attenuate the action of vasoconstrictors ). The bioactivity of NO is limited by its interaction with the superoxide anion, which causes its inactivation (Moncada et al. 1991). Conversely, the activity of NO is prolonged by the presence of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which removes superoxide. Therefore, the bioactivity of NO may be determined by the local level of superoxide, which itself may depend on the local activity of SOD. We have shown that in the perfused human placental cotyledon, infusion of SOD into the placental fetal vasculature promotes vasodilatation (Holcberg et al. 1995b), presumably by scavenging superoxide and hence prolonging the half-life of endogenously produced NO.The action of superoxide is normally limited by its low lipid solubility, its limited membrane transport, and also by its removal by SOD, the rate constant of

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“…Since mitochondria and peroxisomes are the major sites of cellular free radical generation, it also follows that the removal of these active oxygen species by SOD is the pivotal step in regulating cellular steady state levels of oxidants. In fact, total SOD activity has been reported to increase during human fetal development in liver (193), blood (194) and placenta (195)(196)(197), and during differentiation of monocytes (198) as well as during the development of many other phylogenetically diverse organisms (35, 36). Table 2 provides a summary of the organisms and tissues in which developmental increases in SOD have been observed.…”

Section: Su Peroxide Dism Utase and Oxidative Stress In Development Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase in development, aging and gene regulation

Allen

1998

AGE

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Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are produced in the metabolic pathways of aerobic cells and affect a number of biological processes. Oxidation reactions have been postulated to play a role in aging, a number of degenerative diseases, differentiation and development as well as serving as subcellular messengers in gene regulatory and signal transduction pathways. The discovery of the activity of superoxide dismutase is a seminal work in free radical biology, because it established that free radicals were generated by ceils and because it made removal of a specific free radical substance possible for the first time, which greatly accelerated research in this area. In this review, the role of reactive oxygen in aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a neurodegenerative disease), development, differentiation, and signal transduction are discussed. Emphasis is also given to the role of superoxide dismutases in these phenomena.

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Changes of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in the human placenta

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Oxidative stress is closely related to clinical severity of pre-eclampsia

Oxidative stress is closely related to clinical severity of pre-eclampsia

Differential Localization of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms in Placental Villous Tissue of Normotensive, Pre-eclamptic, and Intrauterine Growth-restricted Pregnancies

Oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase in development, aging and gene regulation

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