Changes of Mineralogical Properties and Biological Activities of Gypsum and Its Calcined Products with Different Phase Structures

Abstract

Raw gypsum (RG) and calcined gypsum (CG) are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). RG is usually taken orally to resolve heat and diminish inflammation, while CG is only used externally to treat ulcerations and empyrosis. Calcination at different temperatures, three phase CG structures, namely, bassanite, anhydrite III, and anhydrite II, may be generated. We herein investigated the relationship between the phase structure and the efficacy of CG and the optimum phase structure for CG. RG has a compact structure, small pore size, weak anti-inflammatory effect, but no antibacterial effect, and has almost no effect on the repair of scalds. CG150 (bassanite) has a loose texture, large pore size and specific surface area, and certain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, but it has a poor repair effect on scalds. CG750 (anhydrite II) has a compact structure, small pore size and specific surface area, and low antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, but it has a certain repair effect on scalds. Only CG350 (anhydrite III) has good performance in texture, pore size, specific surface area, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and scald repair. Our research has proved that the mineral properties and biological activities of CG are different due to different phase structures. CG350, namely, anhydrite III, is considered by our research to be the optimal phase structure as CG.

Recent Advances in Topical Hemostatic Materials

“…Traditional Chinese medicines including gypsum ustum, ophicalcitum, alum, and crinis carbonizatus are common calcium salt hemostatic agents that have widespread reception in the field of hemostasis. − These materials activate or accelerate the coagulation pathway by releasing Ca 2+ when in contact with blood. Besides, they can collect dampness and act as an astringent for sores immediately, transform decay and create new ones. − A calcium alginate dressing prepared by Ponsen et al released Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ in exchange with Na + in the blood when applied to the bleeding wound . Ca 2+ promoted fibrin production and clot formation, and Zn 2+ acted as an enzymatic factor to increase platelet aggregation.…”

Gypsum-Related Impact on Antibiotic-Loaded Composite Based on Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite—Advantages and Disadvantages

“…In another article, addition of gypsum to hydroxyapatite-based purge for the repair of alveolar bone sockets of rats was proved to reduce osteoclasts and simultaneously increase osteoblast numbers in the trabecular area [10]. Interestingly, recent report revealed that gypsum calcined at specific temperature exhibited some antibacterial activity per se [11].…”

Modified Baihu decoction therapeutically remodels gut microbiota to inhibit acute gouty arthritis

“…In Shanghan Lun (also known as the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases ), Baihu decoction is a classic prescription composed of gypsum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin, and polished round-grained rice. In modern medicine, Baihu decoction is useful to relieve fever, reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system in patients with febrile conditions, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic inflammation ( Zhang et al, 2013 ; He et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2021 ). A study by Le Shi et al ( Shi et al, 2021 ) found that Achyranthis bidentatae Radix and Lonicera japonica Thunb, which are consistent with the herbs in MBD, protected rats from monosodium urate-induced experimental gouty arthritis.…”