Changes of occlusal plane inclination after orthodontic treatment in different dentoskeletal frames

Abstract

BackgroundThe inclination of the occlusal plane (OP) is related to facial types and experiences physiological growth-related changes. The aims of this research were to determine if there were any differences in the inclination of OP in subjects with three types of skeletal malocclusion and to investigate the characteristics and differences of functional occlusal plane (FOP) compared to bisected occlusal plane (BOP).MethodsA sample of 90 Caucasians patients was skeletal-classified into three (n = 30), and pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were digitized. Six linear and 8 angular cephalometric measurements were selected. The changes of OP inclination within each group and the differences among the three groups pre- and post-treatment were compared with paired t test and ANOVA test, respectively. The comparison and correlation between BOP and FOP were analyzed with paired t test and coefficient of correlation, respectively.ResultsThe BOP angle increased in all of the three groups but only had statistically significant differences in skeletal class II patients in a mean of 1.51° (p < 0.05). The FOP-SN angle showed stability (p > 0.05) in all three groups. The inclination of FOP was closely related to that of BOP (p < 0.001) but revealed discrepancies in each group.ConclusionsBOP and FOP were statistically significantly steeper in class II subjects compared to the other two groups both before and after treatment. The BOP angle statistically significantly increased by 1.51° in skeletal class II patients. BOP was a more reproducible reference plane compared to FOP during cephalometric tracing process, while FOP showed stability in orthodontically treated patients with all three skeletal patterns.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40510-014-0041-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Differential treatment effects of two anchorage systems for rapid maxillary expansion: a retrospective cephalometric study

“…These two groups were recruited from two orthodontic practices, whereby each practice exclusively used one of the two methods. To identify any implications for clinical therapy, the patients were further divided into skeletal Class I (0°\ ANB B 4°) or Class III (ANB B0°) subgroup based on their pretreatment cephalometric findings (Table 1) [46]. Other inclusion criteria were Caucasian descent and bilateral posterior crossbite.…”

<p>The Occlusal Plane Inclination Analysis for Determining Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Diagnosis</p>

“…Contralateral differences in vertical dimensions can produce masticatory muscle imbalances that cause mandibular asymmetry and disruption of the temporomandibular joints. 4,5 Patients with class III malocclusion have different facial patterns depending on the inclination of the occlusal plane. Manipulation of the occlusal plane plays an important role to get better treatment results.…”

“…The occlusal plane angle also affects the smile especially on the incisal smile arch of the maxillary incisors and the tip of the canine. 5 Inclination in the occlusal plane becomes an important parameter for obtaining harmonious orofacial relations. 6 The use of orthodontic devices such as reverse headgear, chin cap, and functional devices used early can prevent the severity of malocclusion.…”

The Importance of the Occlusal Plane in Predicting Better Facial Soft Tissue in Class II Malocclusion in Ethnic Javanese

“…According to Li et al, individuals with grade II skeletal malocclusions have mandibular retrusion, a finding consistent with McNamara (1984). 13,14 SNB has a positive correlation with the Z-angle, while ANB has a negative correlation with the Z-angle. This is consistent with statements made by Oh et al and Amer et al in that a SNB that is small in value will affect the size of the Z-angle which becomes smaller than the normal size (normal 78, mean 56.7) and the larger ANB size (> 40, mean 6.7).…”

“…This field is used because FOP shows stability in orthodontic patients in a skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusions. 13 It is known that SNA and SNB have a negative correlation with the occlusal plane of OCC-SN and OCC-FH. The mean value of SNA (82.1) is normal, while the SNB (75.4) is smaller than normal.…”