Changes of the gut microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid in patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Background With the establishment of the cardiac-gut axis concept, increasing evidence has suggested the involvement and important regulatory role of the gut microbiota (GM) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between GM and atrial fibrillation (AF) is still poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in GM and SCFA between AF patients and healthy controls. Methods In this study, we enrolled 30 hospitalized patients with AF and 30 matched patients with sinus rhythm (SR). GM species in fecal samples were evaluated through amplicon sequencing targeting the 16Sribosomal RNA gene. The feces SCFAs were describe step by step the quantitative analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GM species richness, diversity, differential abundance of individual taxa between AF and SR were analyzed. Results AF patients showed decreased species richness and α-diversity compared to SR patients, but there was no statistical difference. The phylogenetic diversity was significant decreased in AF group. The β-diversity indexes revealed significant differences in GM community structure between the AF group and the SR group. After investigated the individual taxa, AF group showed altered relative abundance in several taxa compared to the SR group. linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed, a significant decrease in Bifidobacterium and a greater abundance of Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus in AF group compared with the SR group. The abundance of haemophilus was negative correlated with isovaleric acid and isobutyric acid. Conclusions In AF patients, the GM phylogenetic diversity and β-diversity decreased, the relative abundance altered in several taxa and the bacterial community structure changed as well as the SCFA level. GM and SCFA dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the occurrence and development of AF.

Gut microbiota: a potential new regulator of hypertension

“…In the standard mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), the production of lactic acid bacteria and short-chain fatty acids is reduced after myocardial infarction, and supplementation with lactic acid bacteria or short-chain fatty acids will improve cardiac function ( 10 ). In a study of 30 atrial fibrillation (AF) and 30 healthy controls, it was found that there was a significant decrease in intestinal bifidobacteria, an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Haemophilus, and a decrease in isovaleric acid and isobutyric acid in the AF group ( 11 ). All the above studies suggest the involvement and important regulatory role of the gut microbiota (GM) in cardiovascular diseases.…”

Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Holter Ecg Monitoring in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

“…1 (29) січень-березень, 2024 Isobutyric acid is inversing correlated with AF paroxysm occurrence and duration and occurred in patients in AF and CAD due to our data. In little studies, isobutyric acid also increased in AF patients [15]. Isobutyric and isovaleric acids also increased in older patients with heart failure and sarcopenia [16].…”

“…They are crucial for intestinal barrier function, and regulate immune answer [3]. SCFAs have cardioprotective properties: decrease atrial remodeling, prevent ectopic activity, normalize atrial effective refractory period and sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+ release by inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome 1 (29) січень-березень, 2024 «Art of Medicine» activity, and regulate T cell and T helper cell homeostasis [6,7]. Moreover, SCFAs are different in their beneficial and harmful properties [3].…”

The Single-cell Atlas of Short-chain Fatty Acid Receptors in Human and Mice Hearts

“…4 The gut microbiome [5][6][7] and their metabolites, SCFAs, have been shown to have multiple effects on cardiovascular physiologic processes 8-10 and diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, atrial brillation, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. 2,[11][12][13][14] Accumulating evidence implicated that SCFAs bene ts mainly rely on the agonistic effect on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition, and its utilization as an energy source, all of which have not been entirely clari ed and need further investigation. 2 GPCRs, also known as 7 transmembrane domain receptors (7TMRs), 15,16 translate diverse extracellular stimulations (ions, small molecules, peptides, and proteins) into intracellular signals, serve as key regulators of a variety of intracellular responses, 15,[17][18][19] and are the primary targets of approximately 35% of all small molecule drugs currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).…”