Changes over the Years in Physical and Motor Ability in Japanese Youth in 1964-97

Nishijima, Takeshi; Kokudo, Shohei; Ohsawa, Seiji

doi:10.5432/ijshs.1.164

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Between 1981 and1988, trunk flexibility and muscular strength of 10-to 19-year-old Canadians remained at the same level, whereas a decrease in muscular endurance was reported (Craig et al, 2004). The overall physical fitness test score and the overall motor ability test score of Japanese youth aged 12-17 years increased from 1964 to 1980, remained stable from 1980 to 1985 and decreased from 1985 to 1997 (Nishijima et al, 2003). In Flemish 12-to 18-year-old boys and girls tested in 1990 and 2005, a decrease was observed in the performance on sit and reach, vertical jump, handgrip, sit-ups, and 10 Â 5 m shuttle run, an increase was reported in the performance on plate tapping and no change was found for flamingo balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secular change data for physical fitness and physical activity are relatively scarce and the time span across which comparisons can be made is generally not as extensive. The literature has shown variable results regarding temporal changes in physical fitness of children and adolescents (Craig et al, 2004;Dawson et al, 2001;Duvigneaud et al, 2006;Malina, 1978Malina, , 2004Malina et al, 2004;Nishijima et al, 2003;Westerstahl et al, 2003a). Moreover, physical fitness is, in part, related to biological maturity and body size (Beunen et al, 1981(Beunen et al, , 1997Jones et al, 2000;Malina, 1975Malina, , 1978Malina, , 2004Malina et al, 2004;Roche, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005

Matton

Duvigneaud

Wijndaele

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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In this study, secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturity over the past 25-35 years in Flemish adolescents were investigated. Representative cross-sectional samples of 12-18-year-old secondary school children (11,899 assessments in boys in 1969-1974, 4,899 girls in 1979-1980, 1,429 boys and 1,772 girls in 2005) and parent-offspring pairs tested at approximately the same age during adolescence (55 father-son pairs, mean age fathers = 15.47 years, mean age sons = 15.38 years; 62 mother-daughter pairs, mean age mothers = 16.63 years, mean age daughters = 15.01 years) were used. The cross-sectional data were analyzed in 6 yearly age-categories using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. For the parent-offspring data paired t-tests, simple linear regressions to adjust for parent-offspring differences in chronological age and multiple linear regressions to adjust for parent-offspring differences in chronological and skeletal age were conducted. The cross-sectional study generally revealed an increase in weight, stature, BMI, skinfolds and trunk-extremity index, and a decrease in the performance on several physical fitness tests. In the parent-offspring study, only sons were maturationally advanced compared to fathers. Even after adjustment for parent-offspring differences in chronological age and in chronological and skeletal age, results for stature, trunk-extremity index and physical fitness were generally similar to the cross-sectional study. No secular trend was observed for sports participation. The fact that the positive secular trends in weight, BMI, and skinfolds of the cross-sectional study were not entirely confirmed in the parent-offspring study is probably due to higher similarity in genetic and familial background, higher socio-economic status, and more health-consciousness of the latter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005

Matton

Duvigneaud

Wijndaele

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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“…The pattern of secular change in the physical fitness and motor ability of Japanese school youth 12-17 years between 1964 and 1997 shows a somewhat variable pattern (Nishijima et al, 2003a(Nishijima et al, , 2003b. Composite fitness and motor ability (performance) scores increased from 1964 to 1974, increased slightly (fitness) or remained stable (motor) between 1975 and 1985, and then declined from 1986 through 1997.…”

Section: Secular Decline In Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite fitness and motor ability (performance) scores increased from 1964 to 1974, increased slightly (fitness) or remained stable (motor) between 1975 and 1985, and then declined from 1986 through 1997. The early improvements in fitness and motor ability may be related in part to secular gains in height from 1964 to 1984, about 5 cm in boys and 3 cm in girls at 17 years of age (Nishijima et al, 2003a), whereas the subsequent declines in fitness may be related to changing patterns of physical activity (Nishijima et al, 2003b). A different analysis of essentially the same data attributed improvements (1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974) to national emphasis on practice and fitness in the schools, the levelling-off of fitness (1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985) to increased television viewing in Japanese homes, and subsequent declines in fitness to greater emphasis on scholarship and activity for pleasure in schools and increased use of video games (Shingo and Takeo, 2002).…”

Section: Secular Decline In Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity: The present in the context of the past

Malina

Little

2008

American J Hum Biol

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In the broad sense, modern humans have lived in an environment in which physical activity and associated movement skills were central, especially in the context of physical competition with other animals. The physically active lifestyle of earlier human populations has been emphasized, especially the cardiovascular endurance component and energy expenditure, but less attention has been devoted to the gross and fine motor skills that are essential components of this lifestyle. Motor skills developed through practice are important determinants of success and survival in preindustrial societies. In industrial and postindustrial societies, on the other hand, the role of physical activity is different, with prowess in certain areas of physical expertise (e.g., accuracy with projectiles, muscular strength, among others) and prolonged exertion (i.e., cardiovascular endurance) less important for survival. The combined effects of the transition to a sedentary lifestyle and attendant dietary changes have resulted first an epidemic of coronary heart disease and more recently an epidemic of overweight/obesity in postindustrial societies. Although mortality associated with coronary heart disease has declined, due largely to biomedical advances, overweight and obesity have increased concomitantly with population reduction in physical activity (energy expenditure) and increased calorie (energy) consumption. The current scenario begs several questions which have implications for contemporary human biology related to sustaining the pace of cultural change on a biological base that is increasingly being compromised by physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity.

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“…Changes in the shape of distribution curves based on Corresponding author: Takahiro Ikeda, Ph.D., professor, research field: human growth and development. means and standard deviations (SD) for endurance running tests in 17-year-olds have been reported in previous studies [3,4]. In those studies, their means declined and their distribution curves became smooth.…”

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confidence: 90%

Classification, Gender and Age Differences, and Seasonal Changes in Relation to Patterns of Distribution Curves for Physique and Motor Performance in Preschool-Aged Japanese Children

Ikeda¹,

Aoyagi²

2017

JSS

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Abstract:It is predicted that the distribution on score of children's motor performance show abnormal curve, because their physical fitness shows decline and gap between good and poor. The aim of present study is to type pattern of distribution curve on physique and motor performance (PMP) in preschoolers, and to investigate gender difference, and change in season and age on distribution of PMP. Seven hundred and seven preschoolers participate in measurement on 21 items of PMP. And mix-longitudinal data which made from 6 terms (2 seasons of spring and autumn for 3 years) is completed. The histograms of 10 sections are trained for each gender, term, and test item based on range of data including mean ± 3 standard deviation. By cluster analysis and multi-correspondence analysis, "physique & jumping" show closely normal curve, but "manipulation (MP)" is skewed to poor and "running & prompt (RP)" is skewed to good. By Hotelling's T2-test and Mahalanobis' Distance, gender difference is shown that boys' RP is skewed to good, and their "throwing" and "weight & flexibility (WF)" are skewed to poor. About season, WF is skewed to poor and RP is skewed to good, in spring. In annual change about pattern of distribution, skewing poor in MP and good in "running straight & prompt" are changed to normal curve with aging.

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Changes over the Years in Physical and Motor Ability in Japanese Youth in 1964-97

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005

Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005

Physical activity: The present in the context of the past

Classification, Gender and Age Differences, and Seasonal Changes in Relation to Patterns of Distribution Curves for Physique and Motor Performance in Preschool-Aged Japanese Children

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